Next »
Journal of Endodontics
Volume 30, Issue 8
, Pages 559-567
, August 2004
Current Challenges and Concepts in the Preparation of Root Canal Systems: A Review
References
- . Comparison of six files to prepare simulated root canals. Part 2 . Int Endod J . 1992;25:67–81
- . The effect of root canal morphology on canal shape following instrumentation using different techniques . Int Endod J . 1997;30:133–140
- . ProTaper rotary root canal preparation: assessment of torque and force in relation to canal anatomy . Int Endod J . 2003;36:93–99
-
.
Canal morphology of maxillary molars: clinical observations on canal configurations
.
J Endodon
. 1999;25:446–450
-
.
A three-dimensional study of canal curvatures in the mesial roots of mandibular molars
.
J Endodon
. 1992;18:294–300
-
.
Formation of root canals in human teeth
.
J Natl Dent Assoc
. 1921;3:704–725
-
.
Effect of magnification locating the mb2 canal in maxillary molars
.
J Endodon
. 2002;28:324–327
- . Importance of anatomic variables in endodontic treatment outcomes: case report . Endod Dent Traumatol . 1995;11:199–203
-
.
Histological evaluation of the effectiveness of five instrumentation techniques for cleaning the apical third of root canals
.
J Endodon
. 1997;23:499–502
-
.
The “balanced force” concept for instrumentation of curved canals
.
J Endodon
. 1985;11:203–211
-
.
Critical analysis of the balanced force technique in endodontics
.
J Endodon
. 1994;20:332–337
- . Another look at root canal instrumentation . Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol . 1992;74:499–507
-
.
The degrees and configurations of mesial canal curvatures of mandibular first molars
.
J Endodon
. 1997;23:358–362
- . A comparison of canal preparations in straight and curved root canals . Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol . 1971;32:271–275
-
.
Cyclic fatigue testing of nickel-titanium endodontic instruments
.
J Endodon
. 1997;23:77–85
-
.
Cleaning and shaping the root canal system
.
In:
Cohen S
, Burns RC
editor.
Pathways of the pulp
. 8th ed.. St. Louis: Mosby; 2002;p. 231–292
-
.
A mathematically based classification of root canal curvatures on natural human teeth
.
J Endodon
. 1995;21:557–560
-
.
A computerized method for mathematical description of three-dimensional root canal axis
.
J Endodon
. 2000;26:639–643
- . External and internal macromorphology in 3D-reconstructed maxillary molars using computerized x-ray microtomography . Int Endod J . 1999;32:3–9
- . Three-dimensional analysis of root canal geometry using high resolution computed tomography . J Dent Res . 2000;79:1405–1409
- . Effects of four NiTi preparation techniques on root canal geometry assessed by micro computed tomography . Int Endod J . 2001;34:221–230
-
.
Changes in root canal geometry after preparation assessed by high-resolution computed tomography
.
J Endodon
. 2001;27:1–6
- . ProTaper rotary root canal preparation: effects of canal anatomy on final shape analysed by micro CT . Int Endod J . 2003;36:86–92
- . Root canal preparation with FlexMaster: canal shapes analysed by micro-computed tomography . Int Endod J . 2003;36:740–747
- . A methodology for quantitative evaluation of root canal instrumentation using microcomputed tomography . Int Endod J . 2001;34:390–398
- . Mechanical root canal preparation with NiTi rotary instruments: rationale, performance and safety. Status report for the American Journal of Dentistry . Am J Dent . 2001;14:324–333
- . A reconstructed computerized tomographic comparison of Ni-Ti rotary GT files versus traditional instruments in canals shaped by novice operators . Int Endod J . 2001;34:476–484
- . A comparison of two nickel-titanium instrumentation techniques in teeth using microcomputed tomography . Int Endod J . 2000;33:279–285
- . Micro-computed tomography: a new tool for experimental endodontology . Int Endod J . 1999;32:165–170
-
.
Diagnostic imaging with newly developed ortho cubic-super-high resolution computed tomography (Ortho-CT)
.
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Path Oral Radiol Endod
. 2000;89:509–518
-
.
Pre-curved files and incremental instrumentation for root canal enlargement
.
J Can Dent Assoc
. 1970;36:155–157
-
.
A comparison of the effect of modified and nonmodified instrument tips on apical canal configuration
.
J Endodon
. 1986;12:293–300
-
.
Comparison of the performance of four files with rounded tips during shaping of simulated root canals
.
J Endodon
. 1998;24:364–371
- . Canal shapes produced sequentially during instrumentation with Quantec LX rotary nickel-titanium instruments: a study in simulated canals . Int Endod J . 2000;33:346–354
- . Preparation of the apical part of the root canal by the Lightspeed and step-back techniques . Int Endod J . 1998;31:103–111
- . Comparison of six files to prepare simulated root canals. Part 1 . Int Endod J . 1992;25:57–66
- . Undergraduate curriculum guidelines for endodontology . Int Endod J . 2001;34:574–580
-
.
The effect of preparation procedures on original shape and on apical foramen shape
.
J Endodon
. 1975;1:255–262
- . Relationship of broken root canal instruments to endodontic case prognosis: a clinical investigation . J Am Dent Assoc . 1970;80:1341–1347
-
.
Endodontic complications of root canal therapy performed by dental students with stainless-steel K-files and nickel-titanium hand files
.
J Endodon
. 1999;25:230–234
-
.
Evaluation of success rate of endodontic treatment performed by students with stainless-steel K-files and nickel-titanium hand files
.
J Endodon
. 2001;27:124–127
-
Peters OA, Barbakow F, Peters CI. Nickel-titanium rotary root canal preparation: an analysis of 268 endodontically treated teeth. Int Endod J (in press).
- . Probabilities of success and failure in endodontic treatment: a Bayesian approach . Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol . 1981;52:85–90
- . A new non-instrumental technique for cleaning and filling root canals . Int Endod J . 1995;28:1–6
- . Clinical evaluation of the cleansing properties of the noninstrumental technique for cleaning root canals . Int Endod J . 2002;35:929–933
-
.
A comparison of four instrumentation techniques on apical canal transportation
.
J Endodon
. 1995;1995:26–32
-
.
Transportation of curved canals prepared with Canal Master-U, Canal Master- U-NiTi, and stainless steel K-type files
.
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Path Oral Radiol Endod
. 1995;79:504–509
- . An in vitro comparison of canal preparation using two automated rotary nickel-titanium instrumentation techniques . Int Endod J . 2000;33:381–391
-
.
Comparison of apical transportation in four NI-Ti rotary instrumentation techniques
.
J Endodon
. 2003;29:587–591
-
.
A methodology for evaluation of root canal instrumentation
.
J Endodon
. 1987;13:243–245
-
.
A modification of the muffle model system to study root canal morphology
.
J Endodon
. 1990;16:114–115
-
.
A new muffle model system to study root canal morphology and instrumentation techniques
.
J Endodon
. 1998;24:540–542
-
.
The endodontic cube: a system designed for evaluation of root canal anatomy and canal preparation
.
J Endodon
. 2001;27:533–536
-
.
Analysis of Ni-Ti versus stainless steel instrumentation in resin simulated canals
.
J Endodon
. 1997;23:232–235
-
.
A comparison of canal centering ability of four instrumentation techniques
.
J Endodon
. 1997;23:503–507
-
.
A comparison of curved canal transportation with balanced force versus Lightspeed
.
J Endodon
. 1998;24:651–654
-
.
A comparison of molar root canal preparation using stainless steel and nickel-titanium instruments
.
J Endodon
. 1999;25:807–810
-
.
The effects of Canal Master, Flex-R, and K-Flex instrumentation on root canal configuration
.
J Endodon
. 1991;17:59–65
-
.
An analysis of canal centering using mechanical instrumentation techniques
.
J Endodon
. 1999;25:441–445
-
.
Comparing apical preparations of root canals shaped by nickel-titanium rotary and nickel-titanium hand instruments
.
J Endodon
. 2001;27:196–202
-
.
Shaping ability of Lightspeed rotary nickel-titanium instruments in simulated root canals. Part 1
.
J Endodon
. 1997;23:698–702
-
.
Shaping ability of Lightspeed rotary nickel-titanium instruments in simulated root canals. Part 2
.
J Endodon
. 1997;23:742–747
- . Shaping ability of ProFile rotary nickel-titanium instruments with ISO sized tips in simulated root canals: part 1 . Int Endod J . 1998;31:275–281
- . Shaping ability of ProFile rotary nickel-titanium instruments with ISO sized tips in simulated root canals: part 2 . Int Endod J . 1998;31:282–289
- . Shaping ability of .04 and .06 taper ProFile rotary nickel-titanium instruments in simulated root canals . Int Endod J . 1999;32:155–164
- . Shaping ability of Hero 642 rotary nickel-titanium instruments in simulated root canals: part 2 . Int Endod J . 2000;33:255–261
- . Shaping ability of Hero 642 rotary nickel-titanium instruments in simulated root canals: part 1 . Int Endod J . 2000;33:248–254
- . Canal shapes produced sequentially during instrumentation with Quantec SC rotary nickel-titanium instruments: a study in simulated canals . Int Endod J . 2001;34:107–112
-
.
Shaping ability of three ProFile rotary instrumentation techniques in simulated resin root canals
.
J Endodon
. 2000;26:719–723
- . Comparison of two stainless steel files to shape simulated root canals . Int Endod J . 1997;30:35–45
- . A comparison of stainless steel Flexofiles and nickel-titanium NiTi Flex files during the shaping of simulated canals . Int Endod J . 1997;30:25–34
- . Shaping ability of Hero 642 rotary nickel-titanium instruments and stainless steel hand K-Flexofiles in simulated curved root canals . Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod . 2001;92:215–220
- . Efficiency of rotary nickel-titanium FlexMaster instruments compared with stainless steel hand K-Flexofile: part 1. Shaping ability in simulated curved canals . Int Endod J . 2002;35:505–513
- . Efficiency of rotary nickel-titanium K3 instruments compared with stainless-steel hand K-Flexofile. Part 1. Shaping ability in simulated curved canals . Int Endod J . 2003;36:199–207
- . A comparison of the shaping abilities of 4 nickel-titanium rotary instruments in simulated root canals . Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod . 2003;95:228–233
-
.
A comparison of shaping ability using ProFile, GT file, and Flex-R endodontic instruments in simulated canals
.
J Endodon
. 2002;28:316–321
-
.
Comparison of instruments using Naviflex and ProFile nickel-titanium engine-driven rotary instruments
.
J Endodon
. 1999;25:457–460
-
.
Canal-centering ability of two rotary file systems
.
J Endodon
. 2002;28:283–286
- . A comparison of the minimum canal wall thickness remaining following preparation using two nickel-titanium rotary systems . Int Endod J . 2003;36:636–642
-
.
Canal wall planning by engine-driven nickel-titanium instruments, compared with stainless-steel hand instrumentation
.
J Endodon
. 1997;23:170–173
- . A primary observation on the preparation and obturation of oval canals . Int Endod J . 2001;34:137–141
-
.
The quality of apical canal preparation using hand and rotary instruments with specific criteria for enlargement based on initial apical file size
.
J Endodon
. 2002;28:658–664
- . Quality of preparation of oval distal root canals in mandibular molars using nickel-titanium instruments . Int Endod J . 2002;35:919–928
-
.
Efficiency of hand and rotary instruments in shaping oval root canals
.
J Endodon
. 2002;28:580–583
- . Smooth flexible versus active tapered shaft design using NiTi rotary instruments . Int Endod J . 2002;35:820–828
- . Progressive versus constant tapered shaft design using NiTi rotary instruments . Int Endod J . 2003;36:288–295
-
.
A comparison of the effect of modified and nonmodified instrument tips on apical canal configuration. Part II
.
J Endodon
. 1988;14:224–228
-
.
Effect of tip design of nickel-titanium and stainless steel files on root canal preparation
.
J Endodon
. 1997;23:735–738
- . A comparative study of root canal preparation with HERO 642 and Quantec SC rotary Ni-Ti instruments . Int Endod J . 2001;34:538–546
- . Comparative study of root-canal preparation using Lightspeed and Quantec SC rotary NiTi instruments . Int Endod J . 2003;36:748–756
-
.
The effectiveness of increased apical enlargement in reducing intracanal bacteria
.
J Endodon
. 2002;28:779–783
- . A comparative study of root canal preparation using FlexMaster and HERO 642 rotary Ni-Ti instruments . Int Endod J . 2003;36:358–366
- . Efficiency of rotary nickel-titanium K3 instruments compared with stainless steel hand K-Flexofile. Part 2. Cleaning effectiveness and shaping ability in severely curved root canals of extracted teeth . Int Endod J . 2003;36:208–217
- . Changes in root canal morphology in simulated curved canals over-instrumented with a variety of stainless steel and nickel titanium files . Aust Dent J . 1999;44:12–19
- . Analysis of forces developed during mechanical preparation of extracted teeth using Profile NiTi rotary instruments . Int Endod J . 1999;32:24–31
-
.
Torque during canal instrumentation using rotary nickel-titanium files
.
J Endodon
. 2000;26:156–160
- . Root canal preparation with FlexMaster: assessment of torque and force in relation to canal anatomy . Int Endod J . 2003;36:883–890
- . Dynamic torque and apical forces of ProFile .04 rotary instruments during preparation of curved canals . Int Endod J . 2002;35:379–389
- . An overview of nickel-titanium alloys used in dentistry . Int Endod J . 2000;33:297–310
-
.
Defects in rotary nickel-titanium files after clinical use
.
J Endodon
. 2000;26:161–165
-
.
Dynamic and cyclic fatigue of engine-driven rotary nickel-titanium endodontic instruments
.
J Endodon
. 1999;25:434–440
- . nickel-titanium rotary instruments: current concepts for preparing the root canal system . Aust Endod J . 2003;29:87–98
- . Location of contact areas on rotary Profile instruments in relationship to the forces developed during mechanical preparation on extracted teeth . Int Endod J . 1999;32:108–114
-
Schrader C, Peters OA. Analysis of torque and force during step-back with differently tapered rotary endodontic instruments in vitro. J Endodon (in press).
- . Influence of rotational speed, torque and operator's proficiency on ProFile failures . Int Endod J . 2001;34:47–53
- . Influence of torque control motors and the operator's proficiency on ProTaper failures . Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod . 2003;96:229–233
- . Cyclic fatigue of ProFile rotary instruments after prolonged clinical use . Int Endod J . 2001;34:386–389
- . Torsional properties of new and used rotary K3 NiTi files . Aust Endod J . 2003;29:75–78
- . Rotary Ni-Ti ProFile systems for preparing curved canals in resin blocks: influence of operator on instrument breakage . Int Endod J . 1999;32:436–443
- . Root canal shaping with manual stainless steel files and rotary Ni-Ti files performed by students . Int Endod J . 2003;36:246–255
- . Influence of operator experience on canal preparation time when using the rotary Ni-Ti ProFile system in simulated curved canals . Int Endod J . 2003;36:161–165
- . Root-canal shaping with manual and rotary Ni-Ti files performed by students . Int Endod J . 2003;36:715–723
- . The ‘Lightspeed’ preparation technique evaluated by Swiss clinicians after attending continuing education courses . Int Endod J . 1997;30:46–50
-
.
Prevalence of teaching apical patency and various instrumentation and obturation techniques in United States dental schools
.
J Endodon
. 1997;23:394–396
-
.
Patency file and apical transportation: an in vitro study
.
J Endodon
. 2002;28:510–511
-
.
The effect of rotational speed and the curvature of root canals on the breakage of rotary endodontic instruments
.
J Endodon
. 2002;28:540–542
-
.
Effect of nickel-titanium engine-driven instrument rotational speed on root canal morphology
.
J Endodon
. 1995;21:609–612
-
.
Effect of rotational speed on root canal preparation with Hero 642 rotary Ni-Ti instruments
.
J Endodon
. 2003;29:447–449
- . The capability of two hand instrumentation techniques to remove the inner layer of dentine in oval canals . Int Endod J . 2003;36:218–224
-
.
Experimentelle Untersuchungen über die maschinelle Wurzelkanalaufbereitung
. Berlin: Quintessenz Verlags-GmbH; 2000;
- . Chelating agents in root canal treatment: mode of action and indications for their use . Int Endod J . 2003;36:810–830
-
.
Comparative analysis of curved root canal preparation using nickel-titanium instruments with or without EDTA
.
J Endodon
. 2000;26:278–280
-
.
Comparison of balanced forces, endosonic, and step-back filing instrumentation techniques: quantification of extruded apical debris
.
J Endodon
. 1990;16:24–27
-
.
Canal blockage and debris extrusion with eight preparation techniques
.
J Endodon
. 1995;21:154–158
-
.
Comparison of debris extruded apically in straight canals: conventional filing versus ProFile .04 Taper series 29
.
J Endodon
. 1998;24:18–22
-
.
Apical extrusion of debris using two hand and two rotary instrumentation techniques
.
J Endodon
. 1998;24:180–183
-
.
A comparison of amounts of apically extruded debris using handpiece-driven nickel-titanium instrument systems
.
J Endodon
. 1998;24:102–106
- . The significance of the presence of foreign material periapically as a cause of failure of root treatment . Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol . 1982;54:566–574
-
.
Factors affecting the long-term results of endodontic treatment
.
J Endodon
. 1990;16:498–504
- . The etiology of root canal treatment failure: why well-treated teeth can fail . Int Endod J . 2001;34:1–10
-
.
Effectiveness of sodium hypochlorite in preventing inoculation of periapical tissue with contaminated patency files
.
J Endodon
. 2004;30:92–94
-
.
Long-term results of endodontic treatment performed with a standardized technique
.
J Endodon
. 1979;5:83–90
- . Leakage along warm gutta-percha fillings in the apical canals of curved roots . Endod Dent Traumatol . 2000;16:29–33
- . Apical terminus location of root canal treatment procedures . Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod . 2000;89:99–103
- . The position and topography of the apical canal constriction and apical foramen . Int Endod J . 1984;17:192–198
- . An in vitro experiment on the effect of an attempt to create an apical matrix during root canal preparation on coronal leakage and material extrusion . Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod . 2001;91:462–467
- . The accuracy of electronic working length determination . Int Endod J . 2004;37:125–131
-
.
Effect of early coronal flaring on working length change in curved canals using rotary nickel-titanium versus stainless steel instruments
.
J Endodon
. 2002;28:438–442
- . Microscopic investigation of root apexes . J Am Dent Assoc . 1955;50:544–552
-
.
Evaluation of standardized root canal instruments and obturating points
.
J Endodon
. 1979;5:145–150
- . Bacteriologic evaluation of the efficacy of mechanical root canal instrumentation in endodontic therapy . Scand J Dent Res . 1981;89:321–328
-
.
Bacterial reduction with nickel-titanium rotary instrumentation
.
J Endodon
. 1998;24:763–767
-
.
Reduction of intracanal bacteria using nickel-titanium rotary instrumentation and various medications
.
J Endodon
. 2000;26:751–755
- . Effectiveness of root canal irrigation . Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol . 1977;44:306–312
-
.
Influence of instrument size on root canal debridement
.
J Endodon
. 2004;30:110–112
- . Reduction in intracanal bacteria during root canal preparation with and without apical enlargement . Int Endod J . 2002;35:437–446
- . Efficacy of bacterial removal from instrumented root canals in vitro related to instrumentation technique and size . Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod . 2002;94:366–371
-
Walsch H. The hybrid concept of NiTi rotary instrumentation. Dent Clin North Am (in press).
-
.
Remaining dentin/cementum thickness after hand or ultrasonic instrumentation
.
J Endodon
. 1990;16:109–113
-
.
Patterns of vertical root fracture: factors affecting stress distribution in the root canal
.
J Endodon
. 2003;29:523–528
-
.
Filling root canals in three dimensions
.
Dent Clin North Am
. 1967;Nov:723–744
-
.
Three-dimensional obturation: the rationale and application of warm gutta percha with vertical condensation
.
J Massachusetts Dent Soc
. 1994;43:15–18
- . The standardized-taper root canal preparation: part 1. Concepts for variably tapered shaping instruments . Int Endod J . 2000;33:516–529
-
.
The influence of the method of canal preparation on the quality of apical and coronal obturation
.
J Endodon
. 1979;5:298–304
-
.
Leakage along apical root fillings in curved root canals. Part I: effects of apical transportation on seal of root fillings
.
J Endodon
. 2000;26:210–216
-
.
Technical aspects of treatment in relation to treatment outcome
.
Endod Topics
. 2002;2:89–102
The author thanks Drs. C. I. Peters and M. Zehnder for helpful criticisms and cand med dent E. Radzik for technical assistance.Address requests for reprints to Dr. Ove Peters, Clinic for Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental and Oral Medicine and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Zürich, Plattenstr. 11, CH-8028 Zurich, Switzerland. e-mail: ove.peters@zzmk.unizh.ch.
PII: S0099-2399(05)60236-1
doi: 10.1097/01.DON.0000129039.59003.9D
© 2004 The American Association of Endodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Next »
Journal of Endodontics
Volume 30, Issue 8
, Pages 559-567
, August 2004
