Journal of Endodontics
Volume 28, Issue 7 , Pages 524-526 , July 2002

The Effect of an Apex Locator on Exposure to Radiation During Endodontic Therapy

  • Paul A. Brunton, PhD, MSc, BChD, FDS (Rest Dent), FDSRCS (Edin)

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress requests for reprints to Dr. Paul A. Brunton, Unit of Operative Dentistry and Endodontology, University Dental Hospital of Manchester, Higher Cambridge Street, Manchester UK M156FH.
    • ,
  • Dilshan Abdeen, BDS
    • ,
  • Tatiana V. Macfarlane, BSc, PhD

References 

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  2. Frank AL , Torabinejad M . An in vivo evaluation of Endex electronic apex locator . J Endodon . 1993;19:177–179
  3. Vajrabhaya L , Tepmongkol P . Accuracy of apex locator . Endod Dent Traumatol . 1997;13:180–182
  4. Fouad AF , Rivera EM , Krell KV . Accuracy of the Endex with variations in canal irrigants foramen size . J Endodon . 1993;19:63–67
  5. Ounsi HF , Haddad G . In vitro evaluation of the reliability of the Endex electronic apex locator . J Endodon . 1998;24:120–121
  6. Dunlap CA , Remeikis NA , BeGole EA , Rauschenberger CR . An in vivo evaluation of an electronic apex locator that uses the ratio method in vital necrotic canals . J Endodon . 1998;24:48–50
  7. McDonald NJ . The electronic determination of working length . Dent Clin North Am . 1992;36:293–307
  8. Pratten DH , McDonald NJ . Comparison of radiographic electronic working lengths . J Endodon . 1996;22:173–176
  9. Stein TJ , Corcoran JF . Non-ionizing method of locating the apical constriction (minor foramen) in root canals . Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol . 1991;71:96–99
  10. Stabholtz A , Torabinejad M . Effect of preflaring on tactile determination of the apical constriction . J Endodon . 1995;21:92–95
  11. Ibarrola JL , Chapman BL , Howard JH , Knowles KI , Ludlow MO . Effect of preflaring on root ZX apex locators . J Endodon . 1999;25:625–626
  12. West JD , Roane JB . Cleaning and shaping the root canal system . In: Cohen SC , Burns RC editor. Pathways of the pulp . 7th ed.. St. Louis: CV Mosby; 1998;p. 203–257
  13. Saunders EM , Saunders WP . Preparation of the root canal system . In: Pitt-Ford TR editors. Harty’s endodontics in clinical practice . 4th ed.. London: Butterworth; 1997;p. 94
  14. Hembrough JH , Weine FS , Pisano JV , Eskoz N . Accuracy of an electronic apex locator: a clinical evaluation in maxillary molars . J Endodon . 1993;19:242–246
  15. Glickman GN . Preparation for treatment . In: Cohen SC , Burns RC editor. Pathways of the pulp . 7th ed.. St. Louis: CV Mosby; 1998;p. 80–116
  16. Kuttler Y . Microscopic investigation of root apices . J Am Dent Assoc . 1955;50:544–552
  17. European Society of Endodontology . Consensus report of the European Society of Endodontology on quality guidelines for endodontic treatment . Int Endod J . 1994;27:115–124
  18. Wu MK , Wesselink PR , Walton RE . Apical terminus location of root canal treatment procedures . Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Path Oral Radiol Endod . 2000;89:99–103

PII: S0099-2399(05)60533-X

doi: 10.1097/00004770-200207000-00009

Journal of Endodontics
Volume 28, Issue 7 , Pages 524-526 , July 2002

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