« Previous
Next »
Journal of Endodontics
Volume 33, Issue 6
, Pages 643-651
, June 2007
Innate Immune Responses of the Dental Pulp to Caries
References
- . Cellular and molecular immunology. 5th ed.. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2003;
- . Effect of electrical tooth stimulation on blood flow and immunocompetent cells in rat dental pulp after sympathectomy. Acta Odontol Scand. 2004;62(6):305–312
- . Trigeminal nociceptors express TLR-4 and CD14: a mechanism for pain due to infection. J Dent Res. 2006;85(1):49–53
- . Effect of sensory denervation on the response of rat molar pulp to exposure injury. J Dent Res. 1993;72(3):613–618
- . A study of T and B cells in pulpal pathosis. J Endod. 1989;15(1):20–26
- . Immunohistochemical study on the immunocompetent cells of the pulp in human non-carious and carious teeth. Archs Oral Biol. 1995;40:609–614
- . S100 and cytokine expression in caries. Infect Immun. 2004;72(7):4102–4108
- . The relationship of bacterial penetration and pulpal pathosis in carious teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1966;22(1):59–65
- . Interactions between neural and hydrodynamic mechanisms in dentine and pulp. Arch Oral Biol. 1994;39(Suppl):87S–95S
- . Fluid and protein flux across the pulpodentine complex of the dog in vivo. Arch Oral Biol. 1991;36(2):103–110
- . The influence of dentin permeability and pulpal blood flow on pulpal solute concentrations. J Endod. 1979;5(12):355–361
- . Bacterial invasion into dentinal tubules of human vital and nonvital teeth. J Endod. 1995;21(2):70–73
- . Determination of plasma proteins in dentinal fluid from cavities prepared in healthy young human teeth. Arch Oral Biol. 1994;39(3):185–190
- . Quantitative evaluation of the immunocompetence of the dental pulp. J Endod. 1977;3(11):418–423
- . Immune components in normal and inflamed human dental pulp. Arch Oral Biol. 1977;22(2):103–111
- . Histological study on the origin of dentinal immunoglobulins and the change in their localization during caries. J Oral Pathol. 1985;14(9):680–689
- . The pulpal origin of immunoglobulins in dentin beneath caries: an immunohistochemical study. J Endod. 2006;32:178–182
- . Serum and salivary antibodies to cariogenic bacteria in man. J Dent Res. 1976;55(Spec No):C139–C148
- . Natural antibodies in man to Streptococcus mutans: specificity and quantification. Immunology. 1984;52(1):143–150
- . Ultrastructural localization of immunoglobulins in carious human dentine. Arch Oral Biol. 1981;26(11):879–886
- . Dentinal response against carious invasion: localization of antibodies in odontoblastic body and process. J Dent Res. 1980;59(8):1368–1373
- . The effect of tissue molecules on bacterial invasion of dentine. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 2002;17(1):32–37
- . The effects of plasma and salivary constituents on dentin permeability. J Dent Res. 1982;61(8):978–981
- . The effects of immunoglobulins on the convective permeability of human dentine in vitro. Arch Oral Biol. 1997;42(12):835–843
- . Influences of dentinal fluids on experimental caries. J Dent Res. 1966;45(5):1493–1498
- . The function of antibody and complement in the lysis of bacteria. Rev Infect Dis. 1987;9(Suppl 5):S537–S545
- . Complement-mediated killing of susceptible gram-negative bacteria: an elusive mechanism. Exp Clin Immunogenet. 1992;9(1):48–56
- . Identification of bacteria in association with immune components in human carious dentin. J Oral Pathol. 1987;16(5):223–233
- Lipoteichoic acid increases TLR and functional chemokine expression while reducing dentin formation in in vitro differentiated human odontoblasts. J Immunol. 2006;176(5):2880–2887
- . Increased interleukin-8 expression in inflamed human dental pulps. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1999;88(2):214–220
- . Expression of IL-8 by cells of the odontoblast layer in vitro. Eur J Oral Sci. 1999;107(2):131–137
- . The chemokine system in diverse forms of macrophage activation and polarization. Trends Immunol. 2004;25(12):677–686
- . Eotaxin-3/CCL26 is a natural antagonist for CC chemokine receptors 1 and 5 (A human chemokine with a regulatory role). J Biol Chem. 2004;279(22):23357–23363
- BRAK/CXCL14 is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis and a chemotactic factor for immature dendritic cells. Cancer Res. 2004;64(22):8262–8270
- . Tumor cells secrete a vascular permeability factor that promotes accumulation of ascites fluid. Science. 1983;219(4587):983–985
- . Vascular endothelial growth factor: basic science and clinical progress. Endocr Rev. 2004;25(4):581–611
- . Lipoteichoic acid up-regulates VEGF expression in macrophages and pulp cells. J Dent Res. 2003;82(6):466–470
- . Human beta-defensin (hBD-1, -2) expression in dental pulp. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 2005;20(3):163–166
- Expression and regulation of the human beta-defensins hBD-1 and hBD-2 in intestinal epithelium. J Immunol. 1999;163(12):6718–6724
- Differential expression of human beta-defensin 2 in keratinized and non-keratinized oral epithelial lesions; immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Virchows Arch. 2001;438(3):248–253
- Macrophage inflammatory protein-3alpha and beta-defensin-2 stimulate dentin sialophosphoprotein gene expression in human pulp cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003;306(4):867–871
- . Inducible expression of human beta-defensin 2 by Fusobacterium nucleatum in oral epithelial cells: multiple signaling pathways and role of commensal bacteria in innate immunity and the epithelial barrier. Infect Immun. 2000;68(5):2907–2915
- . Class II antigen-presenting dendritic cell and nerve fiber responses to cavities, caries, or caries treatment in human teeth. J Dent Res. 2003;82(6):422–427
- . Ultrastructural location of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis antigens in carious human dentine. J Biol Buccale. 1981;9(3):203–217
- . Transforming growth factor-beta isoform expression in mature human healthy and carious molar teeth. Histochem J. 2000;32(4):247–252
- . Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) expression in normal healthy pulps and in those with irreversible pulpitis. Int Endod J. 2004;37(2):114–119
- . Human odontoblast culture method: the expression of collagen and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Adv Dent Res. 2001;15:55–58
- . TGF beta 1 signaling and stimulation of osteoadherin in human odontoblasts in vitro. Connect Tissue Res. 2002;43(2–3):345–353
- TGF-beta1 induces accumulation of dendritic cells in the odontoblast layer. J Dent Res. 2003;82(8):652–656
- Transforming growth factor-beta regulation of immune responses. Annu Rev Immunol. 2005;24:99–146Epub 2005 Nov 8.
- . Quantitative analysis of substance P, neurokinin A and calcitonin gene-related peptide in pulp tissue from painful and healthy human teeth. Int Endod J. 2002;35(1):30–36
- . Immunocytochemical investigation of neurovascular relationships in human tooth pulp. J Anat. 2003;202(2):195–203
- . Inflammation of rat molar pulp and periodontium causes increased calcitonin gene-related peptide and axonal sprouting. Anat Rec. 1988;222(3):289–300
- . Effects of injury and inflammation on pulpal and periapical nerves. J Endod. 1990;16(2):78–84
- . Effects of inflammation on dental sensory nerves and vice versa. Proc Finn Dent Soc. 1992;88(Suppl 1):499–506
- . Innervation of human tooth pulp in relation to caries and dentition type. J Dent Res. 2001;80(1):389–393
- . Comparative immunohistochemical analysis of the peptidergic innervation of human primary and permanent tooth pulp. Arch Oral Biol. 2002;47(5):375–385
- . Tissue levels of immunoreactive substance P are increased in patients with irreversible pulpitis. J Endod. 2003;29(4):265–267
- . Substance P expression in human tooth pulp in relation to caries and pain experience. Eur J Oral Sci. 2000;108(6):467–474
- . Nerve-pulp interactions. Arch Oral Biol. 1994;39(Suppl):47S–54S
- . Effect of electrical tooth stimulation on blood flow, interstitial fluid pressure and substance P and CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers in the low compliant cat dental pulp. Microvasc Res. 1994;47(3):329–343
- . Capsaicin: cellular targets, mechanisms of action, and selectivity for thin sensory neurons. Pharmacol Rev. 1991;43(2):143–201
- . Neurogenic vasodilatation and plasma leakage in the skin. Gen Pharmacol. 1998;30(1):5–11
- . Sensory neuropeptides in the skin. In: Geppetti P, Holzer P editor. Neurogenic inflammation. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 1996;p. 229–244
- . Changes in pulpal blood flow and in fluid flow through dentine produced by autonomic and sensory nerve stimulation in the cat. Proc Finn Dent Soc. 1992;88(Suppl 1):491–497
- . Pulpal hemodynamics and interstitial fluid pressure: balance of transmicrovascular fluid transport. J Endod. 1989;15(10):468–472
- . Pulpal, microvascular, and tissue pressure. J Dent Res. 1985;64:Spec No 585–589
- . Vascular reactions in the dental pulp during inflammation. Acta Odontol Scand. 1983;41(4):247–256
- . Physiology of the human dental pulp. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1971;32(1):126–134
- . Dental injury models: experimental tools for understanding neuroinflammatory interactions and polymodal nociceptor functions. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 1999;10(1):4–39
- . Expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in irreversible acute pulpitis. J Endod. 2004;30(4):201–204
- . Substance P enhances IL-2 expression in activated human T cells. J Immunol. 1992;148(11):3498–3504
- . Modulation of T lymphocyte function by neuropeptides (Evidence for their role as local immunoregulatory elements). J Immunol. 1993;150(12):5281–5288
- . Substance P-induced IL-12 production by murine macrophages. J Immunol. 1997;158(5):2334–2339
- . Role of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide in the regulation of interleukin-8 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 expression in human dental pulp. Int Endod J. 2004;37(3):185–192
- . Cutting edge: peripheral neuropeptides attract immature and arrest mature blood-derived dendritic cells. J Immunol. 2001;166(4):2167–2172
- . Regulation of dendritic cell trafficking: a process that involves the participation of selective chemokines. J Leukoc Biol. 1999;66(2):252–262
- Vasoactive intestinal peptide synergizes with TNF-alpha in inducing human dendritic cell maturation. J Immunol. 1999;163(6):3071–3075
- . Inflammatory mediators of pain. Br J Anaesth. 1995;75(2):125–131
- . A cascade of cytokines mediates mechanical inflammatory hypernociception in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005;102(5):1755–1760
- . Chemokines and glycoprotein120 produce pain hypersensitivity by directly exciting primary nociceptive neurons. J Neurosci. 2001;21(14):5027–5035
- . Bradykinin B1 and B2 receptor mechanisms and cytokine-induced hyperalgesia in the rat. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1995;73(7):832–836
- . Immune cytokine regulation of sympathetic ganglion response to injury. Neuroimmunomodulation. 1995;2(4):236–240
- . Leukocytes in the regulation of pain and analgesia. J Leukoc Biol. 2005;78(6):1215–1222
- Peptidergic nerves in human dental pulp (An immunocytochemical study). Histochemistry. 1990;95(2):115–121
- . Local opioids in the inflamed dental pulp. J Endod. 2006;32(4):319–323
- . Evidence that substance P is a mediator of antidromic vasodilatation using somatostatin as a release inhibitor. Acta Physiol Scand. 1981;113(2):155–159
- . Immunologists getting nervous: neuropeptides, dendritic cells and T cell activation. Respir Res. 2001;2(3):133–138
- Immune cell-derived beta-endorphin (Production, release, and control of inflammatory pain in rats). J Clin Invest. 1997;100(1):142–148
- . beta-Endorphin-containing memory-cells and mu-opioid receptors undergo transport to peripheral inflamed tissue. J Neuroimmunol. 2001;115(1–2):71–78
- . The effect of Eikenella corrodens endotoxin on periapical bone. J Endod. 1987;13(12):559–565
- . Investigation of the role of endotoxin in periapical inflammation. J Endod. 1982;8(1):10–18
- . Pain mechanisms of pulpodentin complex. In: Hargreaves KM, Goodis HE editor. Seltzer and Bender’s dental pulp. Chicago: Quintessence; 2002;p. 181–203
- . Do pulpal inflammatory changes modulate periodontal mechanoreceptor afferent activity?. In: Shimono M, Maeda T, Suda H, Takahashi K editor. Proceedings of the International Conference on Dentin/Pulp Complex 1995, Chiba, Japan. Chicago: Quintessence; 1995;p. 327–328
- . Periapical tissue reactions after pulp exposure in rat molars. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1975;39(2):304–317
- . Pulpal and periapical tissue reactions after experimental pulpal exposure in rats. J Endod. 1994;20(1):13–17
- . Dental pulp conditions in relation to carious lesions. Int Dent J. 1970;20(2):309–337
- . Pulpal response to early dental caries. J Dent Res. 1965;44:1045–1050
- . Monocyte and macrophage heterogeneity. Nat Rev Immunol. 2005;5(12):953–964
- . Defense responses of dentin/pulp complex to experimentally induced caries in rat molars: an immunohistochemical study on kinetics of pulpal Ia antigen-expressing cells and macrophages. J Endod. 1997;23(2):115–120
- . Responses of immunocompetent cells to cavity preparation in rat molars: an immunohistochemical study using OX6-monoclonal antibody. Connect Tissue Res. 1995;32(1–4):303–311
- An immunohistochemical study of HLA-DR and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin- positive cells in the pulp of human non-carious and carious teeth. Arch Oral Biol. 1996;41(7):627–630
- . Compartmentalization of human natural killer cells. Mol Immunol. 2005;42(4):523–529
- . Natural-killer cells and dendritic cells: “l’union fait la force”. Blood. 2005;106(7):2252–2258
- . Dendritic cells stimulated with Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans elicit rapid gamma interferon responses by natural killer cells. Infect Immun. 2004;72(9):5089–5096
- . Interplay of natural killer cells and their receptors with the adaptive immune response. Nat Immunol. 2004;5(10):996–1002
- . Interleukin-12: a proinflammatory cytokine with immunoregulatory functions that bridge innate resistance and antigen-specific adaptive immunity. Annu Rev Immunol. 1995;13:251–276
- . Cytokine induction by Streptococcus mutans and pulpal pathogenesis. Infect Immun. 2000;68(12):6785–6789
- . Comparison of type 1 and type 2 cytokine production by mononuclear cells cultured with streptococcus mutans and selected other caries bacteria. J Endod. 2004;30(5):333–338
- . Endodontic pathogens stimulate monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and interleukin-8 in mononuclear cells. J Endod. 1998;24(2):86–90
- . Endocarditis-associated oral streptococci promote rapid differentiation of monocytes into mature dendritic cells. Infect Immun. 2005;73(8):5015–5021
- . Co-increase of nerve fibers and HLA-DR- and/or factor-XIIIa-expressing dendritic cells in dentinal caries-affected regions of the human dental pulp: an immunohistochemical study. J Dent Res. 1999;78(10):1596–1608
- . Identification of subsets of human T cells capable of enhanced transendothelial migration. J Immunol. 1992;149(4):1170–1178
- . Immunosurveillance modelled in vitro: naive and memory T cells spontaneously migrate across unstimulated microvascular endothelium. Int Immunol. 1997;9(3):435–450
- Measuring the diaspora for virus-specific CD8+ T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2001;98(11):6313–6318
- Activated primary and memory CD8 T cells migrate to nonlymphoid tissues regardless of site of activation or tissue of origin. J Immunol. 2004;172(8):4875–4882
- . The CD8 memory T cell subsystem: integration of homeostatic signaling during migration. Semin Immunol. 2005;17(3):219–229
- . E-selectin, thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine/CCL17, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 are constitutively coexpressed in dermal microvessels: a foundation for a cutaneous immunosurveillance system. J Immunol. 2004;172(3):1575–1581
- . Vascular endothelium of human dental pulp expresses diverse adhesion molecules for leukocyte emigration. Tissue Cell. 1998;30(2):281–291
- . Characterization of human blood dendritic cell subsets. Blood. 2002;100(13):4512–4520
- . Tolerogenic dendritic cells. Annu Rev Immunol. 2003;21:685–711
- . Cutaneous CXCL14 targets blood precursors to epidermal niches for Langerhans cell differentiation. Immunity. 2005;23(3):331–342
- Dendritic cells rapidly recruited into epithelial tissues via CCR6/CCL20 are responsible for CD8+ T cell crosspriming in vivo. Immunity. 2006;24(2):191–201
- . Rapid dendritic cell recruitment is a hallmark of the acute inflammatory response at mucosal surfaces. J Exp Med. 1994;179(4):1331–1336
- . Pulpal regeneration after cavity preparation, with special reference to close spatio-relationships between odontoblasts and immunocompetent cells. Microsc Res Tech. 2003;60(5):483–490
- . The existence of CD11c+ sentinel and F4/80+ interstitial dendritic cells in dental pulp and their dynamics and functional properties. Int Immunol. 2006;18:1375–1384
- . Cutaneous dendritic cells. Semin Immunol Dendritic Cell Heterogenity. 2005;17(4):273–283
- . Characterization of dermal dendritic cells obtained from normal human skin reveals phenotypic and functionally distinctive subsets. J Immunol. 1993;151(11):6535–6545
- . Identification of factor XIII-A as a marker of alternative macrophage activation. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2005;62(18):2132–2139
- . Factor XIII subunit A as an intracellular transglutaminase. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2003;60(6):1049–1060
- . Identification of genes specifically expressed in human activated and mature dendritic cells through serial analysis of gene expression. Blood. 2000;96(6):2206–2214
- . Perivascular dendritic cells of the human dental pulp. Acta Physiol Scand. 1997;159(2):163–169
- . The distribution and ultrastructure of class II MHC-positive cells in human dental pulp. Cell Tissue Res. 1999;295(1):151–158
- . Response of pulpal dendritic cells to microbial challenges across dentin. In: Ishikawa T, Takahashi K, Maeda T, Suda H, Shimono M, Inoue T editor. Proceedings of the International Conference on Dentin/Pulp Complex 2001, Chiba, Japan. Chicago: Quintessence; 2001;p. 24–30
- CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors from human cord blood differentiate along two independent dendritic cell pathways in response to GM-CSF+TNF alpha. J Exp Med. 1996;184(2):695–706
- . Dendritic cells use macropinocytosis and the mannose receptor to concentrate macromolecules in the major histocompatibility complex class II compartment: downregulation by cytokines and bacterial products. J Exp Med. 1995;182(2):389–400
- . In vitro preparation and functional assessment of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells-potential antigen-specific modulators of in vivo immune responses. Transpl Immunol. 2005;14(3–4):231–244
- . Blood monocytes consist of two principal subsets with distinct migratory properties. Immunity. 2003;19(1):71–82
- Resident alveolar macrophages are replaced by recruited monocytes in response to endotoxin-induced lung inflammation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2006;35:227–235Epub 2006 Mar 16.
- . New insights into the mobilization and phagocytic activity of dendritic cells. J Exp Med. 1996;183(4):1287–1292
- . The endocytic activity of dendritic cells. J Exp Med. 1995;182(2):283–288
- . The CD16(+) (FcgammaRIII(+)) subset of human monocytes preferentially becomes migratory dendritic cells in a model tissue setting. J Exp Med. 2002;196(4):517–527
- . Immature, semi-mature and fully mature dendritic cells: which signals induce tolerance or immunity?. Trends Immunol. 2002;23(9):445–449
- Differential expression of inflammatory chemokines by Th1- and Th2-cell promoting dendritic cells: a role for different mature dendritic cell populations in attracting appropriate effector cells to peripheral sites of inflammation. Immunol Cell Biol. 2005;83(5):525–535
- . Structural and functional association between substance P- and calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive nerves and accessory cells in the rat dental pulp. J Dent Res. 1997;76(12):1818–1824
- . Recruitment of immunocompetent cells after dentinal injuries in innervated and denervated young rat molars: an immunohistochemical study. J Histochem Cytochem. 1995;43(9):871–879
- . IL-12 and IL-18 differentially regulate the transcriptional activity of the human IFN-gamma promoter in primary CD4+ T lymphocytes. J Immunol. 1998;160(8):3642–3647
- . Evidence for IFN-gamma as a mediator of the lethality of endotoxin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. J Immunol. 1992;149(5):1666–1670
- . Cellular and molecular immunology. 5th ed.. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2003;
- . Cytokine gene expression—part of host defence in pulpitis. Cytokine. 2003;22(3–4):84–88
- . Two subsets of memory T lymphocytes with distinct homing potentials and effector functions. Nature. 1999;401(6754):708–712
- . Distinct migration patterns of naive and effector CD8 T cells in the spleen: correlation with CCR7 receptor expression and chemokine reactivity. Eur J Immunol. 1999;29(11):3562–3570
- . Chemokines in immunity. Adv Immunol. 2001;78:57–110
- A skin-selective homing mechanism for human immune surveillance T cells. The J Exp Med. 2004;199(9):1265–1275
- Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel CXC chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein-2 gamma chemoattractant for human neutrophils and dendritic cells. J Immunol. 2000;165(5):2588–2595
- . Localization of the chemokine interleukin-8 and interleukin-8 receptors in human gingiva and cultured gingival keratinocytes. J Periodontal Res. 2002;37(2):154–160
- . Interleukin-8 stimulates calcium transients and promotes epidermal cell proliferation. J Invest Dermatol. 1992;99(3):294–298
- Interleukin-8 (A corneal factor that induces neovascularization). Am J Pathol. 1992;141(6):1279–1284
- . Chemokines in cutaneous wound healing. J Leukoc Biol. 2001;69(4):513–521
- Many chemokines including CCL20/MIP-3alpha display antimicrobial activity. J Leukoc Biol. 2003;74(3):448–455
- . Cutting edge: IFN-inducible ELR- CXC chemokines display defensin-like antimicrobial activity. J Immunol. 2001;167(2):623–627
- . Streptococcus mutans elicits rapid potent IFN-g by NK cells. J Dent Res. 2004;83(Spec Iss A):1667
PII: S0099-2399(07)00003-9
doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2007.01.001
© 2007 American Association of Endodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
« Previous
Next »
Journal of Endodontics
Volume 33, Issue 6
, Pages 643-651
, June 2007
