Journal of Endodontics
Volume 34, Issue 11 , Pages 1306-1311 , November 2008

Comparison of the Anesthetic Efficacy of the Conventional Inferior Alveolar, Gow-Gates, and Vazirani-Akinosi Techniques

  • Steven Goldberg, DDS, MS

      Affiliations

    • Deceased
    • ,
  • Al Reader, DDS, MS

      Affiliations

    • Division of Endodontics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress requests for reprints to Dr Al Reader, Department of Endodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, 305 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210
    • ,
  • Melissa Drum, DDS, MS

      Affiliations

    • Division of Endodontics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
    • ,
  • John Nusstein, DDS, MS

      Affiliations

    • Division of Endodontics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
    • ,
  • Mike Beck, DDS, MA

      Affiliations

    • Department of Oral Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio

References 

  1. Nusstein J, Reader A, Beck M. Anesthetic efficacy of different volumes of lidocaine with epinephrine for inferior alveolar nerve blocks. Gen Dent. 2002;50:372–375
  2. Gow-Gates GAE. Mandibular conduction anesthesia: a new technique using extra-oral landmarks. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1973;36:321–328
  3. Robertson WD. Clinical evaluation of mandibular conduction anaesthesia. Gen Dent. 1979;27:49–51
  4. Levy TP. An assessment of the Gow-Gates mandibular block for third molar surgery. J Am Dent Assoc. 1981;103:37–39
  5. Malamed SF. The Gow-Gates mandibular block: evaluation after 4,275 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1981;51:463–467
  6. Sisk AL. Evaluation of the Gow-Gates mandibular block for oral surgery. Anesth Prog. 1985;32:143–146
  7. Cruz EV, Quengua JB, Gutierrez IL, Abreu MA, Uy HG. A comparative study: classical, Akinosi, and Gow-Gates techniques of mandibular nerve block. J Philipp Dent Assoc. 1994;46:13–19
  8. Todorovic L, Stajcic Z, Petrovic V. Mandibular versus inferior dental anaesthesia: clinical assessment of 3 different techniques. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1986;15:733–738
  9. Ågren E, Danielsson K. Conduction block analgesia in the mandible. Swed Dent J. 1981;5:81–89
  10. Montagnese TA, Reader A, Melfi R. A comparative study of the Gow-Gates technique and a standard technique for mandibular anesthesia. J Endod. 1984;10:158–163
  11. Hung PC, Chang HH, Yang PJ, Kuo YS, Lan WH, Lin CP. Comparison of the Gow-Gates mandibular block and inferior alveolar nerve block using a standardized protocol. J Formos Med Assoc. 2006;105:139–146
  12. Akinosi JO. A new approach to the mandibular block. Br J Oral Surg. 1977;15:83–87
  13. Vazirani SJ. Closed mouth mandibular nerve block: a new technique. Dent Dig. 1960;66:10–13
  14. Malamed SF. Handbook of local anesthesia. In: 4th ed. St Louis, MO: Mosby; 1997;p. 208
  15. Sisk AL. Evaluation of the Akinosi mandibular block technique in oral surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1986;44:113–115
  16. Donkor P, Wong J, Punnia-Moorthy A. An evaluation of the closed mouth mandibular block technique. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1990;19:216–219
  17. Yücel E, Hutchison IL. A comparative evaluation of the conventional and closed-mouth technique for inferior alveolar nerve block. Aust Dent J. 1995;40:15–16
  18. Gonzalez M, Pena B, Caliz F, Marin SH, Diago P. A comparative study of direct mandibular block and the Akinosi technique. Med Oral. 2003;8:143–149
  19. Jorgensen NB, Hayden J. Local and general anesthesia in dentistry. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lea & Febiger; 1967;
  20. Gustaninis JF, Peterson LJ. An alternative method of mandibular nerve block. J Am Dent Assoc. 1981;103:33–36
  21. Dreven L, Reader A, Beck M, Meyers W, Weaver J. An evaluation of the electric pulp tester as a measure of analgesia in human vital teeth. J Endod. 1987;13:233–238
  22. Certosimo A, Archer R. A clinical evaluation of the electric pulp tester as an indicator of local anesthesia. Oper Dent. 1996;21:25–30
  23. Coleman RD, Smith RA. The anatomy of mandibular anesthesia: review and analysis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1982;54:148–153
  24. Kohler BR, Castellon L, Laissle G. Gow-Gates technique: a pilot study for extraction procedures with clinical evaluation and review. Anesth Prog. 2008;55:2–8
  25. Nusstein J, Reader A, Nist R, Beck M, Meyers WJ. Anesthetic efficacy of the supplemental intraosseous injection of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine in irreversible pulpitis. J Endod. 1998;24:487–491
  26. Nusstein J, Kennedy S, Reader A, Beck M, Weaver J. Anesthetic efficacy of the supplemental X-tip intraosseous injection in patients with irreversible pulpitis. J Endod. 2003;29:724–728
  27. Parente SA, Anderson RW, Herman WW, Kimbrough WF, Weller RN. Anesthetic efficacy of the supplemental intraosseous injection for teeth with irreversible pulpitis. J Endod. 1998;24:826–828
  28. Cohen HP, Cha BY, Spangberg LSW. Endodontic anesthesia in mandibular molars: a clinical study. J Endod. 1993;19:370–373
  29. Vreeland D, Reader A, Beck M, Meyers W, Weaver J. An evaluation of volumes and concentrations of lidocaine in human inferior alveolar nerve block. J Endod. 1989;15:6–12
  30. Monheim LM. Local anesthesia and pain control in dental practice. In: 4th ed. St Louis, MO: Mosby; 1969;p. 103
  31. Nusstein J, Beck M. Effectiveness of 20% benzocaine as a topical anesthetic for intraoral injections. Anesth Prog. 2003;50:159–163
  32. Jacobs S, Haas DA, Meechan JG, May S. Injection pain: comparison of three mandibular block techniques and modulation by nitrous oxide/oxygen. J Am Dent Assoc. 2003;134:869–876
  33. Nist R, Reader A, Beck M, Meyers W. An evaluation of the incisive nerve block and combination inferior alveolar and incisive nerve blocks in mandibular anesthesia. J Endod. 1992;18:455–459
  34. Ridenour S, Reader A, Beck M, Weaver J. Anesthetic efficacy of a combination of hyaluronidase and lidocaine with epinephrine in inferior alveolar nerve blocks. Anesth Prog. 2001;48:9–15
  35. Mikesell P, Nusstein J, Reader A, Beck M, Weaver J. A comparison of articaine and lidocaine for inferior alveolar nerve blocks. J Endod. 2005;31:265–270

PII: S0099-2399(08)00683-3

doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2008.07.025

Journal of Endodontics
Volume 34, Issue 11 , Pages 1306-1311 , November 2008

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