Journal of Endodontics
Volume 36, Issue 3 , Pages 383-399 , March 2010

Critical Review on Methacrylate Resin–based Root Canal Sealers

  • Young Kyung Kim, DDS, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
    • ,
  • Simone Grandini, DDS, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
    • ,
  • Jason M. Ames, DMD

      Affiliations

    • Private Endodontic Practice, Warner Robbins, Georgia
    • ,
  • Li-sha Gu, DDS, MS

      Affiliations

    • Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
    • ,
  • Sung Kyo Kim, DDS, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
    • ,
  • David H. Pashley, DMD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
    • ,
  • James L. Gutmann, DDS, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Endodontics, Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Dallas, Texas
    • ,
  • Franklin R. Tay, BDSc (Hons), PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
    • Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress requests for reprints to Dr Franklin Tay, Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912-1129.

References 

  1. Salehrabi R, Rotstein I. Endodontic treatment outcomes in a large patient population in the USA: an epidemiological study. J Endod. 2004;30:846–850
  2. Tilashalski KR, Gilbert GH, Boykin MJ, Shelton BJ. Root canal treatment in a population-based adult sample: status of teeth after endodontic treatment. J Endod. 2004;30:577–581
  3. Schwartz RS. Adhesive dentistry and endodontics: part 2—bonding in the root canal system: the promise and the problems—a review. J Endod. 2006;32:1125–1134
  4. Teixeira FB, Teixeira EC, Thompson J, Leinfelder KF, Trope M. Dentinal bonding reaches the root canal system. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2004;16:348–354
  5. Najar AL, Saquy PC, Vansan LP, Sousa-Neto MD. Adhesion of a glass-ionomer root canal sealer to human dentine. Aust Endod J. 2003;29:20–22
  6. Teixeira FB, Teixeira EC, Thompson JY, Trope M. Fracture resistance of roots endodontically treated with a new resin filling material. J Am Dent Assoc. 2004;135:646–652
  7. Zmener O, Pameijer CH. Clinical and radiographical evaluation of a resin-based root canal sealer: a 5-year follow-up. J Endod. 2007;33:676–679
  8. Bouillaguet S, Bertossa B, Krejci I, Wataha JC, Tay FR, Pashley DH. Alternative adhesive strategies to optimize bonding to radicular dentin. J Endod. 2007;33:1227–1230
  9. Kardon BP, Kuttler S, Hardigan P, Dorn SO. An in vitro evaluation of the sealing ability of a new root-canal-obturation system. J Endod. 2003;29:658–661
  10. Economides N, Kokorikos I, Kolokouris I, Panagiotis B, Gogos C. Comparative study of apical sealing ability of a new resin-based root canal sealer. J Endod. 2004;30:403–405
  11. Leonard JE, Gutmann JL, Guo IY. Apical and coronal seal of roots obturated with a dentine bonding agent and resin. Int Endod J. 1996;29:76–83
  12. Mannocci F, Ferrari M. Apical seal of roots obturated with laterally condensed gutta-percha, epoxy resin cement, and dentin bonding agent. J Endod. 1998;24:41–44
  13. Ahlberg KM, Tay WM. A methacrylate-based cement used as a root canal sealer. Int Endod J. 1998;31:15–21
  14. Britto LR, Borer RE, Vertucci FJ, Haddix JE, Gordan VV. Comparison of the apical seal obtained by a dual-cure resin based cement or an epoxy resin sealer with or without the use of an acidic primer. J Endod. 2002;28:721–723
  15. Gogos C, Stavrianos C, Kolokouris I, Papadoyannis I, Economides N. Shear bond strength of AH-26 root canal sealer to dentine using three dentine bonding agents. J Dent. 2003;31:321–326
  16. Bitter K, Paris S, Martus P, Schartner R, Kielbassa AM. A confocal laser scanning microscope investigation of different dental adhesives bonded to root canal dentine. Int Endod J. 2004;37:840–848
  17. Salz U, Zimmermann J, Salzer T. Self-curing, self-etching adhesive cement systems. J Adhes Dent. 2005;7:7–17
  18. Al-Assaf K, Chakmakchi M, Palaghias G, Karanika-Kouma A, Eliades G. Interfacial characteristics of adhesive luting resins and composites with dentin. Dent Mater. 2007;23:829–839
  19. Tay FR, Pashley DH. Monoblocks in root canals: a hypothetical or a tangible goal. J Endod. 2007;33:391–398
  20. Babb BR, Loushine RJ, Bryan TE, Ames JM, Causey MS, Kim J, et al. Bonding of self-adhesive (self-etching) root canal sealers to radicular dentin. J Endod. 2009;35:578–582
  21. Mai S, Kim YK, Hiraishi N, Ling J, Pashley DH, Tay FR. Evaluation of the true self-etching potential of a fourth generation self-adhesive methacrylate resin-based sealer. J Endod. 2009;35:870–874
  22. Kim YK, Mai S, Haycock JR, et al. The self-etching potentail of Realseal vs RealSeal SE. J Endod. 2009;35:1264–1269
  23. Rising DW, Goldman M, Brayton SM. Histologic appraisal of 3 experimental root canal filling materials. J Endod. 1975;1:172–177
  24. Benkel BH, Rising DW, Goldman LB, Rosen H, Goldman M, Kronman JH. Use of a hydrophilic plastic as a root canal filling material. J Endod. 1976;2:196–202
  25. Kronman JH, Goldman M, Goldman LB, Coleman E, Kliment CK. Microbiologic evaluation of poly-HEMA root canal filling material. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1979;48:175–177
  26. Vaidyanathan TK, Vaidyanathan J. Recent advances in the theory and mechanism of adhesive resin bonding to dentin: a critical review. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2009;88:558–578
  27. Liu Q, Hedberg EL, Liu Z, Bahulekar R, Meszlenyi RK, Mikos AG. Preparation of macroporous poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogels by enhanced phase separation. Biomaterials. 2000;21:2163–2169
  28. Kronman JH, Goldman M. Biological evaluation of Hydron. J Endod. 1981;7:441–443
  29. Langeland K, Olsson B, Pascon EA. Biological evaluation of Hydron. J Endod. 1981;7:196–204
  30. Yesilsoy C. Radiographic evidence of absorption of Hydron from an obturated root canal. J Endod. 1984;10:321–323
  31. Rhome BH, Solomon EA, Rabinowitz JL. Isotopic evaluation of the sealing properties of lateral condensation, vertical condensation, and Hydron. J Endod. 1981;7:458–461
  32. Murrin JR, Reader A, Foreman DW, Beck M, Meyers WJ. Hydron versus gutta-percha and sealer: a study of endodontic leakage using the scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive analysis. J Endod. 1985;11:101–109
  33. De Munck J, Vargas M, Van Landuyt K, Hikita K, Lambrechts P, Van Meerbeek B. Bonding of an auto-adhesive luting material to enamel and dentin. Dent Mater. 2004;20:963–971
  34. Zmener O, Pameijer CH, Serrano SA, Vidueira M, Macchi RL. Significance of moist root canal dentin with the use of methacrylate-based endodontic sealers: an in vitro coronal dye leakage study. J Endod. 2008;34:76–79
  35. Hammad M, Qualtrough A, Silikas N. Extended setting shrinkage behavior of endodontic sealers. J Endod. 2008;34:90–93
  36. Tay FR, Loushine RJ, Monticelli F, et al. Effectiveness of resin-coated gutta-percha cones and a dual-cured, hydrophilic methacrylate resin-based sealer in obturating root canals. J Endod. 2005;31:659–664
  37. Bergmans L, Moisiadis P, De Munck J, Van Meerbeek B, Lambrechts P. Effect of polymerization shrinkage on the sealing capacity of resin fillers for endodontic use. J Adhes Dent. 2005;7:321–329
  38. Jainaen A, Palamara JE, Messer HH. Push-out bond strengths of the dentine-sealer interface with and without a main cone. Int Endod J. 2007;40:882–890
  39. Jensen SD, Fisher DJ. Method for filling and sealing a root canal. United States Patent & Trademark Office. Patent number 6,811,400, November 2, 2004.
  40. Watanabe I, Nakabayashi N, Pashley DH. Bonding to ground dentin by a phenyl-P self-etching primer. J Dent Res. 1994;73:1212–1220
  41. Perdigão J, Lopes MM, Gomes G. Interfacial adaptation of adhesive materials to root canal dentin. J Endod. 2007;33:259–263
  42. Kokkas AB, Boutsioukis A, Vassiliadis LP, Stavrianos CK. The influence of the smear layer on dentinal tubule penetration depth by three different root canal sealers: an in vitro study. J Endod. 2004;30:100–102
  43. Tay FR, Pashley DH. Aggressiveness of contemporary self-etching systems: I—depth of penetration beyond dentin smear layers. Dent Mater. 2001;17:296–308
  44. Shipper G, Trope M. In vitro microbial leakage of endodontically treated teeth using new and standard obturation techniques. J Endod. 2004;30:154–158
  45. Kurtzman GM, Norby CR, von Fraunhofer JA. The leakage resistance of endodontic fiber obturators. Gen Dent. 2007;55:36–38
  46. Gogos C, Economides N, Stavrianos C, Kolokouris I, Kokorikos I. Adhesion of a new methacrylate resin-based sealer to human dentin. J Endod. 2004;30:238–240
  47. Jia WT, Trope M, Alpert B. Dental filling material. United States Patent & Trademark Office. Patent number 7,211,136, May 1, 2007.
  48. Jia ET. Self-etching primer adhesive and method of use thereof. United States Patent & Trademark Office. Patent number 7,226,900, June 5, 2007.
  49. Shipper G, Ørstavik D, Teixeira FB, Trope M. An evaluation of microbial leakage in roots filled with a thermoplastic synthetic polymer-based root canal filling material (Resilon). J Endod. 2004;30:342–347
  50. Teixeira FB, Trope M. Gutta-percha: the end of an era?. Alpha Omegan. 2004;97:66–72
  51. Rached-Junior FJ, Souza-Gabriel AE, Alfredo E, Miranda CE, Silva-Sousa YT, Sousa-Neto MD. Bond strength of Epiphany sealer prepared with resinous solvent. J Endod. 2009;35:251–255
  52. Radovic I, Monticelli F, Goracci C, Vulicevic ZR, Ferrari M. Self-adhesive resin cements: a literature review. J Adhes Dent. 2008;10:251–258
  53. Lawson MS, Loushine B, Mai S, et al. Resistance of a 4-META-containing, methacrylate-based sealer to dislocation in root canals. J Endod. 2008;34:833–837
  54. Pinna L, Brackett MG, Lockwood PE, et al. In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of a self-adhesive, methacrylate resin-based root canal sealer. J Endod. 2008;34:1085–1088
  55. Belli S, Ozcan E, Derinbay O, Eldeniz AU. A comparative evaluation of sealing ability of a new, self-etching, dual-curable sealer: hybrid root SEAL (MetaSEAL). Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2008;106:45–52
  56. Onay EO, Ungor M, Unver S, Ari H, Belli S. An in vitro evaluation of the apical sealing ability of new polymeric endodontic filling systems. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2009;108:49–54
  57. Kataoka H, Yoshioka T, Suda H, Imai Y. Dentin bonding and sealing ability of a new root canal resin sealer. J Endod. 2000;26:230–235
  58. Imai Y, Komabayashi T. Properties of a new injectable type of root canal filling resin with adhesiveness to dentin. J Endod. 2003;29:20–23
  59. Cobankara FK, Orucoglu H, Sengun A, Belli S. The quantitative evaluation of apical sealing of four endodontic sealers. J Endod. 2006;32:66–68
  60. Ishimura H, Yoshioka T, Suda H. Sealing ability of new adhesive root canal filling materials measured by new dye penetration method. Dent Mater J. 2007;26:290–295
  61. Duggan D, Arnold RR, Teixeira FB, Caplan DJ, Tawil P. Periapical inflammation and bacterial penetration after coronal inoculation of dog roots filled with RealSeal 1 or Thermafil. J Endod. 2009;35:852–857
  62. Ferrari M, Mannocci F, Vichi A, Cagidiaco MC, Mjör IA. Bonding to root canal: structural characteristics of the substrate. Am J Dent. 2000;13:255–260
  63. Bouillaguet S, Troesch S, Wataha JC, Krejci I, Meyer JM, Pashley DH. Microtensile bond strength between adhesive cements and root canal dentin. Dent Mater. 2003;19:199–205
  64. Burleson A, Nusstein J, Reader A, Beck M. The in vivo evaluation of hand/rotary/ultrasound instrumentation in necrotic, human mandibular molars. J Endod. 2007;33:782–787
  65. Williamson AE, Sandor AJ, Justman BC. A comparison of three nickel titanium rotary systems, EndoSequence, ProTaper universal, and profile GT, for canal-cleaning ability. J Endod. 2009;35:107–109
  66. Paqué F, Laib A, Gautschi H, Zehnder M. Hard-tissue debris accumulation analysis by high-resolution computed tomography scans. J Endod. 2009;35:1044–1047
  67. Carvalho RM, Pereira JC, Yoshiyama M, Pashley DH. A review of polymerization contraction: the influence of stress development versus stress relief. Oper Dent. 1996;21:17–24
  68. Tay FR, Loushine RJ, Lambrechts P, Weller RN, Pashley DH. Geometric factors affecting dentin bonding in root canals: a theoretical modeling approach. J Endod. 2005;31:584–589
  69. Baroudi K, Saleh AM, Silikas N, Watts DC. Shrinkage behaviour of flowable resin-composites related to conversion and filler-fraction. J Dent. 2007;35:651–655
  70. Monticelli F, Osorio R, Mazzitelli C, Ferrari M, Toledano M. Limited decalcification/diffusion of self-adhesive cements into dentin. J Dent Res. 2008;87:974–979
  71. Cantoro A, Goracci C, Carvalho CA, Coniglio I, Ferrari M. Bonding potential of self-adhesive luting agents used at different temperatures to lute composite onlays. J Dent. 2009;37:454–461
  72. Baumgartner JC, Mader CL. A scanning electron microscopic evaluation of four root canal irrigation regimens. J Endod. 1987;13:147–157
  73. Ram Z. Effectiveness of root canal irrigation. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1977;44:306–312
  74. Chow TW. Mechanical effectiveness of root canal irrigation. J Endod. 1983;9:475–479
  75. Gutarts R, Nusstein J, Reader A, Beck M. In vivo debridement efficacy of ultrasonic irrigation following hand-rotary instrumentation in human mandibular molars. J Endod. 2005;31:166–170
  76. Nielsen BA, Craig Baumgartner J. Comparison of the EndoVac system to needle irrigation of root canals. J Endod. 2007;33:611–615
  77. McGill S, Gulabivala K, Mordan N, Ng YL. The efficacy of dynamic irrigation using a commercially available system (RinsEndo) determined by removal of a collagen ‘bio-molecular film’ from an ex vivo model. Int Endod J. 2008;41:602–608
  78. Tay FR, Gutmann JL, Pashley DH. Microporous, demineralized collagen matrices in intact radicular dentin created by commonly used calcium-depleting endodontic irrigants. J Endod. 2007;33:1086–1090
  79. Davidson CL, de Gee AJ, Feilzer A. The competition between the composite-dentin bond strength and the polymerization contraction stress. J Dent Res. 1984;63:1396–1399
  80. Davidson CL, Van Zeghbroeck L, Feilzer AJ. Destructive stresses in adhesive luting cements. J Dent Res. 1991;70:880–882
  81. Ferracane JL. Developing a more complete understanding of stresses produced in dental composites during polymerization. Dent Mater. 2005;21:36–42
  82. Ureyen Kaya B, Kececi AD, Orhan H, Belli S. Micropush-out bond strengths of gutta-percha versus thermoplastic synthetic polymer-based systems - an ex vivo study. Int Endod J. 2008;41:211–218
  83. Fisher MA, Berzins DW, Bahcall JK. An in vitro comparison of bond strength of various obturation materials to root canal dentin using a push-out test design. J Endod. 2007;33:856–858
  84. Gesi A, Raffaelli O, Goracci C, Pashley DH, Tay FR, Ferrari M. Interfacial strength of Resilon and gutta-percha to intraradicular dentin. J Endod. 2005;31:809–813
  85. Sly MM, Moore BK, Platt JA, Brown CE. Push-out bond strength of a new endodontic obturation system (Resilon/Epiphany). J Endod. 2007;33:160–162
  86. Ungor M, Onay EO, Orucoglu H. Push-out bond strengths: the Epiphany-Resilon endodontic obturation system compared with different pairings of Epiphany, Resilon, AH Plus and gutta-percha. Int Endod J. 2006;39:643–647
  87. Hammad M, Qualtrough A, Silikas N. Evaluation of root canal obturation: a three-dimensional in vitro study. J Endod. 2009;35:541–544
  88. Bishop D, Griggs J, He J. Effect of dynamic loading on the integrity of the interface between root canal and obturation materials. J Endod. 2008;34:470–473
  89. Pashley DH, Ciucchi B, Sano H, Carvalho RM, Russell CM. Bond strength versus dentine structure: a modelling approach. Arch Oral Biol. 1995;40:1109–1118
  90. Braga RR, Ferracane JL, Condon JR. Polymerization contraction stress in dual-cure cements and its effect on interfacial integrity of bonded inlays. J Dent. 2002;30:333–340
  91. Tay FR, Loushine RJ, Weller RN, et al. Ultrastructural evaluation of the apical seal in roots filled with a polycaprolactone-based root canal filling material. J Endod. 2005;31:514–519
  92. Skidmore LJ, Berzins DW, Bahcall JK. An in vitro comparison of the intraradicular dentin bond strength of Resilon and gutta-percha. J Endod. 2006;32:963–966
  93. Mamootil K, Messer HH. Penetration of dentinal tubules by endodontic sealer cements in extracted teeth and in vivo. Int Endod J. 2007;40:873–881
  94. Patel DV, Sherriff M, Ford TR, Watson TF, Mannocci F. The penetration of RealSeal primer and Tubliseal into root canal dentinal tubules: a confocal microscopic study. Int Endod J. 2007;40:67–71
  95. Okşan T, Aktener BO, Sen BH, Tezel H. The penetration of root canal sealers into dentinal tubules: a scanning electron microscopic study. Int Endod J. 1993;26:301–305
  96. Sen BH, Piskin B, Baran N. The effect of tubular penetration of root canal sealers on dye microleakage. Int Endod J. 1996;29:23–28
  97. Doyle MD, Loushine RJ, Agee KA, et al. Improving the performance of EndoRez root canal sealer with a dual-cured two-step self-etch adhesive: I—adhesive strength to dentin. J Endod. 2006;32:766–770
  98. Gillespie WT, Loushine RJ, Weller RN, et al. Improving the performance of EndoREZ root canal sealer with a dual-cured two-step self-etch adhesive: II—apical and coronal seal. J Endod. 2006;32:771–775
  99. Shipper G, Teixeira FB, Arnold RR, Trope M. Periapical inflammation after coronal microbial inoculation of dog roots filled with gutta-percha or Resilon. J Endod. 2005;31:91–96
  100. Zmener O, Pameijer CH, Macri E. Evaluation of the apical seal in root canals prepared with a new rotary system and obturated with a methacrylate based endodontic sealer: an in vitro study. J Endod. 2005;31:392–395
  101. Aptekar A, Ginnan K. Comparative analysis of microleakage and seal for 2 obturation materials: Resilon/Epiphany and gutta-percha. J Can Dental Assoc. 2006;72:245–245d
  102. Tunga U, Bodrumlu E. Assessment of the sealing ability of a new root canal obturation material. J Endod. 2006;32:876–878
  103. Sagsen B, Er O, Kahraman Y, Orucoglu H. Evaluation of microleakage of roots filled with different techniques with a computerized fluid filtration technique. J Endod. 2006;32:1168–1170
  104. Stratton RK, Apicella MJ, Mines P. A fluid filtration comparison of gutta-percha versus Resilon, a new soft resin endodontic obturation system. J Endod. 2006;32:642–645
  105. Adanir N, Cobankara FK, Belli S. Sealing properties of different resin-based root canal sealers. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2006;77:1–4
  106. Wedding JR, Brown CE, Legan JJ, Moore BK, Vail MM. An in vitro comparison of microleakage between Resilon and gutta-percha with a fluid filtration model. J Endod. 2007;33:1447–1449
  107. Verissimo DM, do Vale MS, Monteiro AJ. Comparison of apical leakage between canals filled with gutta-percha/AH-Plus and the Resilon/Epiphany System, when submitted to two filling techniques. J Endod. 2007;33:291–294
  108. Bodrumlu E, Tunga U, Alacam T. Influence of immediate and delayed post space preparation on sealing ability of resilon. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007;103:61–64
  109. Shin SJ, Jee SW, Song JS, Jung IY, Cha JH, Kim E. Comparison of regrowth of Enterococcus faecalis in dentinal tubules after sealing with gutta-percha or Resilon. J Endod. 2008;34:445–448
  110. Pitout E, Oberholzer TG, Blignaut E, Molepo J. Coronal leakage of teeth root-filled with gutta-percha or Resilon root canal filling material. J Endod. 2006;32:879–881
  111. Biggs SG, Knowles KI, Ibarrola JL, Pashley DH. An in vitro assessment of the sealing ability of resilon/epiphany using fluid filtration. J Endod. 2006;32:759–761
  112. Shemesh H, van den Bos M, Wu MK, Wesselink PR. Glucose penetration and fluid transport through coronal root structure and filled root canals. Int Endod J. 2007;40:866–872
  113. Kaya BU, Kececi AD, Belli S. Evaluation of the sealing ability of gutta-percha and thermoplastic synthetic polymer-based systems along the root canals through the glucose penetration model. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007;104:66–73
  114. De-Deus G, Audi C, Murad C, Fidel S, Fidel RA. Sealing ability of oval-shaped canals filled using the System B heat source with either gutta-percha or Resilon: an ex vivo study using a polymicrobial leakage model. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007;104:114–119
  115. Baumgartner G, Zehnder M, Paqué F. Enterococcus faecalis type strain leakage through root canals filled with Gutta-Percha/AH plus or Resilon/Epiphany. J Endod. 2007;33:45–47
  116. Raina R, Loushine RJ, Weller RN, Tay FR, Pashley DH. Evaluation of the quality of the apical seal in Resilon/Epiphany and Gutta-Percha/AH Plus-filled root canals by using a fluid filtration approach. J Endod. 2007;33:944–947
  117. Lyons WW, Hartwell GR, Stewart JT, Reavley B, Appelstein C, Lafkowitz S. Comparison of coronal bacterial leakage between immediate versus delayed post-space preparation in root canals filled with Resilon/Epiphany. Int Endod J. 2009;42:203–207
  118. Williamson AE, Marker KL, Drake DR, Dawson DV, Walton RE. Resin-based versus gutta-percha-based root canal obturation: influence on bacterial leakage in an in vitro model system. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2009;108:292–296
  119. Bouillaguet S, Wataha JC, Lockwood PE, Galgano C, Golay A, Krejci I. Cytotoxicity and sealing properties of four classes of endodontic sealers evaluated by succinic dehydrogenase activity and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Eur J Oral Sci. 2004;112:182–187
  120. Sevimay S, Kalayci A. Evaluation of apical sealing ability and adaptation to dentine of two resin-based sealers. J Oral Rehabil. 2005;32:105–110
  121. Orucoglu H, Sengun A, Yilmaz N. Apical leakage of resin based root canal sealers with a new computerized fluid filtration meter. J Endod. 2005;31:886–890
  122. Onay EO, Ungor M, Orucoglu H. An in vitro evaluation of the apical sealing ability of a new resin-based root canal obturation system. J Endod. 2006;32:976–978
  123. da Silva Neto UX, de Moraes IG, Westphalen VP, Menezes R, Carneiro E, Fariniuk LF. Leakage of 4 resin-based root-canal sealers used with a single-cone technique. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007;104:53–57
  124. Paqué F, Sirtes G. Apical sealing ability of Resilon/Epiphany versus gutta-percha/AH Plus: immediate and 16-months leakage. Int Endod J. 2007;40:722–729
  125. Gernhardt CR, Kruger T, Bekes K, Schaller HG. Apical sealing ability of 2 epoxy resin-based sealers used with root canal obturation techniques based on warm gutta-percha compared to cold lateral condensation. Quintessence Int. 2007;38:229–234
  126. Pasqualini D, Scotti N, Mollo L, et al. Microbial leakage of Gutta-Percha and Resilon root canal filling material: a comparative study using a new homogeneous assay for sequence detection. J Biomater Appl. 2008;22:337–352
  127. Jack RM, Goodell GG. In vitro comparison of coronal microleakage between Resilon alone and gutta-percha with a glass-ionomer intraorifice barrier using a fluid filtration model. J Endod. 2008;34:718–720
  128. De-Deus G, Namen F, Galan J. Reduced long-term sealing ability of adhesive root fillings after water-storage stress. J Endod. 2008;34:322–325
  129. Kokorikos I, Kolokouris I, Economides N, Gogos C, Helvatjoglu-Antoniades M. Long-term evaluation of the sealing ability of two root canal sealers in combination with self-etching bonding agents. J Adhes Dent. 2009;11:239–246
  130. Santerre JP, Shajii L, Leung BW. Relation of dental composite formulations to their degradation and the release of hydrolyzed polymeric-resin-derived products. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2001;12:136–151
  131. Tay FR, Pashley DH, Williams MC, et al. Susceptibility of a polycaprolactone-based root canal filling material to degradation: I—alkaline hydrolysis. J Endod. 2005;31:593–598
  132. Tay FR, Pashley DH, Yiu CK, et al. Susceptibility of a polycaprolactone-based root canal filling material to degradation: II—gravimetric evaluation of enzymatic hydrolysis. J Endod. 2005;31:737–741
  133. Finer Y, Santerre JP. Salivary esterase activity and its association with the biodegradation of dental composites. J Dent Res. 2004;83:22–26
  134. Warneke S, Arenskötter M, Tenberge KB, Steinbüchel A. Bacterial degradation of poly(trans-1,4-isoprene) (gutta percha). Microbiology. 2007;153:347–356
  135. Maniglia-Ferreira C, Bönecker G, Silva JB, de Paula RC, Feitosa JP, Souza-Filho FJ. Degradation of trans-polyisoprene after root filling with thermoplasticized techniques. Int Endod J. 2008;41:296–302
  136. Maniglia-Ferreira C, Silva JB, de Paula RC, et al. Degradation of trans-polyisoprene over time following the analysis of root fillings removed during conventional retreatment. Int Endod J. 2007;40:25–30
  137. Haschke E. Methods of filling a root canal with adhesive endodontic cones and polymerizable filling and sealing materials. United States Patent & Trademark Office. Patent number 7,261,563, April 28, 2007.
  138. Hsieh KH, Liao KH, Lai EH, Lee BS, Lee CY, Lin CP. A novel polyurethane-based root canal-obturation material and urethane acrylate-based root canal sealer: part I—synthesis and evaluation of mechanical and thermal properties. J Endod. 2008;34:303–305
  139. Lee BS, Lai EH, Liao KH, Lee CY, Hsieh KH, Lin CP. A novel polyurethane-based root canal-obturation material and urethane-acrylate-based root canal sealer: part 2—evaluation of push-out bond strengths. J Endod. 2008;34:594–598
  140. Lin ZM, Ling JQ, Liu F, Hu Y, Jian YT. Preparation and stability assessment of a new resin root canal filling material. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2007;42:235–239
  141. Liu F, He JW, Lin ZM, Ling JQ, Jia DM. Synthesis and characterization of dimethacrylate monomer with high molecular weight for root canal filling materials. Molecules. 2006;11:953–958
  142. Ruyter IE. Unpolymerized surface layers on sealants. Acta Odontol Scand. 1981;39:27–32
  143. Hiraishi N, Loushine RJ, Vano M, et al. Is an oxygen inhibited layer required for bonding of resin-coated gutta-percha to a methacrylate-based root canal sealer?. J Endod. 2006;32:429–433
  144. Hiraishi N, Papacchini F, Loushine RJ, et al. Shear bond strength of Resilon to a methacrylate-based root canal sealer. Int Endod J. 2005;38:753–763
  145. Tay FR, Hiraishi N, Pashley DH, et al. Bondability of Resilon to a methacrylate-based root canal sealer. J Endod. 2006;32:133–137
  146. Gogos C, Theodorou V, Economides N, Beltes P, Kolokouris I. Shear bond strength of AH-26 and Epiphany to composite resin and Resilon. J Endod. 2008;34:1385–1387
  147. Ori T, Otsuki H, Wakamatsu S, et al. C hemical surface analyses of a 4-meta-containg methacrylate resin-based sealer. J Dent Res. 2009;88A(Spec Iss):Abstr 2335
  148. Hammad M, Qualtrough A, Silikas N. Effect of new obturating materials on vertical root fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth. J Endod. 2007;33:732–736
  149. Schäfer E, Zandbiglari T, Schäfer J. Influence of resin-based adhesive root canal fillings on the resistance to fracture of endodontically treated roots: an in vitro preliminary study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007;103:274–279
  150. Stuart CH, Schwartz SA, Beeson TJ. Reinforcement of immature roots with a new resin filling material. J Endod. 2006;32:350–353
  151. Grande NM, Plotino G, Lavorgna L, et al. Influence of different root canal-filling materials on the mechanical properties of root canal dentin. J Endod. 2007;33:859–863
  152. Wilkinson KL, Beeson TJ, Kirkpatrick TC. Fracture resistance of simulated immature teeth filled with resilon, gutta-percha, or composite. J Endod. 2007;33:480–483
  153. Sagsen B, Er O, Kahraman Y, Akdogan G. Resistance to fracture of roots filled with three different techniques. Int Endod J. 2007;40:31–35
  154. Ribeiro FC, Souza-Gabriel AE, Marchesan MA, Alfredo E, Silva-Sousa YT, Sousa-Neto MD. Influence of different endodontic filling materials on root fracture susceptibility. J Dent. 2008;36:69–73
  155. Hemalatha H, Sandeep M, Kulkarni S, Yakub SS. Evaluation of fracture resistance in simulated immature teeth using Resilon and Ribbond as root reinforcements: an in vitro study. Dent Traumatol. 2009;25:433–438
  156. Karapinar Kazandag M, Sunay H, Tanalp J, Bayirli G. Fracture resistance of roots using different canal filling systems. Int Endod J. 2009;42:705–710
  157. Jainaen A, Palamara JE, Messer HH. The effect of resin-based sealers on fracture properties of dentine. Int Endod J. 2009;42:136–143
  158. Ulusoy OI, Genc O, Arslan S, Alacam T, Gorgul G. Fracture resistance of roots obturated with three different materials. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007;104:705–708
  159. Jainaen A, Palamara JE, Messer HH. Effect of dentinal tubules and resin-based endodontic sealers on fracture properties of root dentin. Dent Mater. 2009;25:e73–e81[Epub ahead of print]
  160. Cobankara FK, Ungör M, Belli S. The effect of two different root canal sealers and smear layer on resistance to root fracture. J Endod. 2002;28:606–609
  161. Zandbiglari T, Davids H, Schäfer E. Influence of instrument taper on the resistance to fracture of endodontically treated roots. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2006;101:126–131
  162. Ou KL, Chang CC, Chang WJ, Lin CT, Chang KJ, Huang HM. Effect of damping properties on fracture resistance of root filled premolar teeth: a dynamic finite element analysis. Int Endod J. 2009;42:694–704
  163. Rueggeberg FA, Margeson DH. The effect of oxygen inhibition on an unfilled/filled composite system. J Dent Res. 1990;69:1652–1658
  164. Nunes VH, Silva RG, Alfredo E, Sousa-Neto MD. Silva-Sousa. Adhesion of Epiphany and AH Plus sealers to human root dentin treated with different solutions. Braz Dent J. 2008;19:46–59
  165. Filipov IA, Vladimirov SB. Residual monomer in a composite resin after light-curing with different sources, light intensities and spectra of radiation. Braz Dent J. 2006;17:34–38
  166. Williams C, Loushine RJ, Weller RN, Pashley DH, Tay FR. A comparison of cohesive strength and stiffness of Resilon and gutta-percha. J Endod. 2006;32:553–555
  167. Ricucci D, Langeland K. Apical limit of root canal instrumentation and obturation: part 2—a histological study. Int Endod J. 1998;31:394–409
  168. Sari S, Duruturk L. Radiographic evaluation of periapical healing of permanent teeth with periapical lesions after extrusion of AH Plus sealer. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007;104:54–59
  169. Waltimo TM, Boiesen J, Eriksen HM, Ørstavik D. Clinical performance of 3 endodontic sealers. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2001;92:89–92
  170. Tepel J, Darwisch el Sawaf M, Hoppe W. Reaction of inflamed periapical tissue to intracanal medicaments and root canal sealers. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1994;10:233–238
  171. Tanomaru Filho M, Leonardo MR, Silva LA, Utrilla LS. Effect of different root canal sealers on periapical repair of teeth with chronic periradicular periodontitis. Int Endod J. 1998;31:85–89
  172. Bratel J, Jontell M, Dahlgren U, Bergenholtz G. Effects of root canal sealers on immunocompetent cells in vitro and in vivo. Int Endod J. 1998;31:178–188
  173. Zmener O. Tissue response to a new methacrylate-based root canal sealer: preliminary observations in the subcutaneous connective tissue of rats. J Endod. 2004;30:348–351
  174. Zmener O, Pameijer CH. Clinical and radiographic evaluation of a resin-based root canal sealer. Am J Dent. 2004;17:19–22
  175. Zmener O, Banegas G, Pameijer CH. Bone tissue response to a methacrylate-based endodontic sealer: a histological and histometric study. J Endod. 2005;31:457–459
  176. Lodiene G, Morisbak E, Bruzell E, Ørstavik D. Toxicity evaluation of root canal sealers in vitro. Int Endod J. 2008;41:72–77
  177. Scarparo RK, Grecca FS, Fachin EV. Analysis of tissue reactions to methacrylate resin-based, epoxy resin-based, and zinc oxide-eugenol endodontic sealers. J Endod. 2009;35:229–232
  178. Susini G, About I, Tran-Hung L, Camps J. Cytotoxicity of Epiphany and Resilon with a root model. Int Endod J. 2006;39:940–944
  179. Sousa CJ, Montes CR, Pascon EA, Loyola AM, Versiani MA. Comparison of the intraosseous biocompatibility of AH Plus, EndoREZ, and Epiphany root canal sealers. J Endod. 2006;32:656–662
  180. Bouillaguet S, Wataha JC, Tay FR, Brackett MG, Lockwood PE. Initial in vitro biological response to contemporary endodontic sealers. J Endod. 2006;32:989–992
  181. Heitman EP, Joyce AP, McPherson JC, Roberts S, Chuang A. An in vitro evaluation of the growth of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts after exposure to a methacrylate-based endodontic sealer. J Endod. 2008;34:186–189
  182. Bouillaguet S, Wataha JC, Hanks CT, Ciucchi B, Holz J. In vitro cytotoxicity and dentin permeability of HEMA. J Endod. 1996;22:244–248
  183. Wataha JC, Lockwood PE, Bouillaguet S, Noda M. In vitro biological response to core and flowable dental restorative materials. Dent Mater. 2003;19:25–31
  184. Nielsen BA, Beeler WJ, Vy C, Baumgartner JC. Setting times of Resilon and other sealers in aerobic and anaerobic environments. J Endod. 2006;32:130–132
  185. Beriat NC, Ertan A, Cehreli ZC, Gulsahi K. Time-dependent conversion of a methacrylate-based sealer polymerized with different light-curing units. J Endod. 2009;35:110–112
  186. Bergenholtz G, Lekholm U, Milthon R, Heden G, Odesjo B, Engstrom B. Retreatment of endodontic fillings. Scand J Dent Res. 1979;87:217–224
  187. Zarei M, Shahrami F, Vatanpour M. Comparison between gutta-percha and Resilon retreatment. J Oral Sci. 2009;51:181–185
  188. de Oliveira DP, Barbizam JV, Trope M, Teixeira FB. Comparison between gutta-percha and resilon removal using two different techniques in endodontic retreatment. J Endod. 2006;32:362–364
  189. Schirrmeister JF, Meyer KM, Hermanns P, Altenburger MJ, Wrbas KT. Effectiveness of hand and rotary instrumentation for removing a new synthetic polymer-based root canal obturation material (Epiphany) during retreatment. Int Endod J. 2006;39:150–156
  190. Ezzie E, Fleury A, Solomon E, Spears R, He J. Efficacy of retreatment techniques for a resin-based root canal obturation material. J Endod. 2006;32:341–344
  191. Somma F, Cammarota G, Plotino G, Grande NM, Pameijer CH. The effectiveness of manual and mechanical instrumentation for the retreatment of three different root canal filling materials. J Endod. 2008;34:466–469
  192. Cunha RS, De Martin AS, Barros PP, et al. In vitro evaluation of the cleansing working time and analysis of the amount of gutta-percha or Resilon remnants in the root canal walls after instrumentation for endodontic retreatment. J Endod. 2007;33:1426–1428
  193. Hammad M, Qualtrough A, Silikas N. Three-dimensional evaluation of effectiveness of hand and rotary instrumentation for retreatment of canals filled with different materials. J Endod. 2008;34:1370–1373
  194. Lin ZM, Jhugroo A, Ling JQ. An evaluation of the sealing ability of a polycaprolactone-based root canal filling material (Resilon) after retreatment. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007;104:846–851
  195. Mortier E, Gerdolle DA, Jacquot B, Panighi MM. Importance of water sorption and solubility studies for couple bonding agent–resin-based filling material. Oper Dent. 2004;29:669–6
  196. Donnelly A, Sword J, Nishitani Y, et al. Water sorption and solubility of methacrylate resin-based root canal sealers. J Endod. 2007;33:990–994
  197. Versiani MA, Carvalho-Junior JR, Padilha MI, Lacey S, Pascon EA, Sousa-Neto MD. A comparative study of physicochemical properties of AH Plus and Epiphany root canal sealants. Int Endod J. 2006;39:464–471
  198. Schäfer E, Zandbiglari T. Solubility of root-canal sealers in water and artificial saliva. Int Endod J. 2003;36:660–669
  199. Huang C, Kei LH, Wei SH, Cheung GS, Tay FR, Pashley DH. The influence of hygroscopic expansion of resin-based restorative materials on artificial gap reduction. J Adhes Dent. 2002;4:61–71
  200. Smartseal home page. Available at: http://www.smart-seal.co.uk. Accessed November 5, 2009.
  201. Janke V, von Neuhoff N, Schlegelberger B, Leyhausen G, Geurtsen W. TEGDMA causes apoptosis in primary human gingival fibroblasts. J Dent Res. 2003;82:814–818
  202. Ito S, Hashimoto M, Wadgaonkar B, et al. Effects of resin hydrophilicity on water sorption and changes in modulus of elasticity. Biomaterials. 2005;26:6449–6459
  203. De Munck J, Van Landuyt K, Peumans M, et al. A critical review of the durability of adhesion to tooth tissue: methods and results. J Dent Res. 2005;84:118–132
  204. Torabinejad M, Bahjri K. Essential elements of evidenced-based endodontics: steps involved in conducting clinical research. J Endod. 2005;31:563–569
  205. Hulley SB, Cummings SR, Browner WS, Grady DG. Designing clinical research: an epidemiologic approach. 3rd ed.. Philadelpha: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006;
  206. Wu M-K, Shemesh H, Wesselink PR. Limitations of previously published systematic reviews evaluating the outcomes of endodontic treatment. Int Endod J. 2009;42:656–666
  207. Zmener O, Pameijer CH. Clinical and radiographical evaluation of a resin-based root canal sealer: a 5-year follow-up. J Endod. 2007;33:676–679
  208. Conner DA, Caplan DJ, Teixeira FB, Trope M. Clinical outcome of teeth treated endodontically with a nonstandardized protocol and root filled with Resilon. J Endod. 2007;33:1290–1292
  209. Cotton TP, Schindler WG, Schwartz SA, Watson WR, Hargreaves KM. A retrospective study comparing clinical outcomes after obturation with Resilon/Epiphany or Gutta-Percha/Kerr sealer. J Endod. 2008;34:789–797
  210. Debelian G. Treatment outcome of teeth treated with an evidence-based disinfection protocol and filled with Resilon. J Endod. 2006;32:251
  211. Oya EO. Case report: 90 clinical cases of root treatment canal filled with Resilon™: two-year follow-up. J Endod. 2008;34:349
  212. Imazato S, Kuramoto A, Takahashi Y, Ebisu S, Peters MC. In vitro antibacterial effects of the dentin primer of Clearfil Protect Bond. Dent Mater. 2006;22:527–532
  213. Imazato S, Russell RR, McCabe JF. Antibacterial activity of MDPB polymer incorporated in dental resin. J Dent. 1995;23:177–181
  214. Mohammadi Z, Abbott PV. The properties and applications of chlorhexidine in endodontics. Int Endod J. 2009;42:288–302
  215. Hiraishi N, Yiu CKY, King NM, Tay FR. Antibacterial effect of experimental chlorhexidine-releasing polymethyl methacrylate–based root canal sealers. J Endod. 2009;35:1255–1258
  216. Pameijer CH, Barnett F, Zmener O, Schein B. Methacrylate based resin endodontic sealers: a paradigm shift in endodontics? Academy of Dental Therapeutics and Stomatology (Pennwell Corp.). Online CE course. Available at: http://www.ineedce.com/courses.aspx. Accessed November 5, 2009.
  217. Gutmann JL. History of enodontics. In:  Ingle JI,  Bakland LK,  Baumgartner JC editor. Ingle's endodontics. 6th ed. Philadelphia: B.C. Decker Inc; 2008;p. 36–85
  218. Lussi A, Suter B, Grosrey J. Obturation of root canals in vivo with a new vacuum technique. J Endod. 1997;23:629–631
  219. Briggs PF, Scott BJ. Evidence-based dentistry: endodontic failure—how should it be managed?. Br Dent J. 1997;183:159–164
  220. Bergenholtz G, Spångberg L. Controversies in endodontics. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2004;15:99–114
  221. Senia ES, Marshall FJ, Rosen S. The solvent action of sodium hypochlorite on pulp tissue of extracted teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1971;31:96–103
  222. Ram Z. Effectiveness of root canal irrigation. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1977;44:306–312
  223. Card SJ, Sigurdsson A, Ørstavik D, Trope M. The effectiveness of increased apical enlargement in reducing intracanal bacteria. J Endod. 2002;28:779–783
  224. Ray HA, Trope M. Periapical status of endodontically treated teeth in relation to the technical quality of the root filling and the coronal restoration. Int Endod J. 1995;28:12–18
  225. Sabeti MA, Nekofar M, Motahhary P, Ghandi M, Simon JH. Healing of apical periodontitis after endodontic treatment with and without obturation in dogs. J Endod. 2006;32:628–633
  226. Ng YL, Mann V, Rahbaran S, Lewsey J, Gulabivala K. Outcome of primary root canal treatment: systematic review of the literature—part 1: effects of study characteristics on probability of success. Int Endod J. 2007;40:921–939

PII: S0099-2399(09)00897-8

doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2009.10.023

Journal of Endodontics
Volume 36, Issue 3 , Pages 383-399 , March 2010

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution