Journal of Endodontics
Volume 36, Issue 3 , Pages 429-433 , March 2010

A Prospective, Randomized Single-blind Study of the Anesthetic Efficacy of the Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block Administered with a Peripheral Nerve Stimulator

  • Fredric Simon, DDS, MS

      Affiliations

    • Private practice limited to endodontics, Chevy Chase, Maryland
    • ,
  • Al Reader, DDS, MS

      Affiliations

    • Division of Endodontics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress requests for reprints to Dr Al Reader, Division of Endodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, 305 West 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210.
    • ,
  • Melissa Drum, DDS, MS

      Affiliations

    • Division of Endodontics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
    • ,
  • John Nusstein, DDS, MS

      Affiliations

    • Division of Endodontics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
    • ,
  • Mike Beck, DDS, MA

      Affiliations

    • Division of Oral Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio

References 

  1. Nusstein J, Reader A, Beck M. Anesthetic efficacy of different volumes of lidocaine with epinephrine for inferior alveolar nerve blocks. Gen Dent. 2002;50:372–375
  2. Cohen HP, Cha BY, Spangberg LSW. Endodontic anesthesia in mandibular molars: a clinical study. J Endod. 1993;19:370–373
  3. Reisman D, Reader A, Nist R, Beck M, Weaver J. Anesthetic efficacy of the supplemental intraosseous injection of 3% mepivacaine in irreversible pulpitis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1997;84:676–682
  4. Nusstein J, Reader A, Nist R, Beck M, Meyers WJ. Anesthetic efficacy of the supplemental intraosseous injection of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine in irreversible pulpitis. J Endod. 1998;24:487–491
  5. Kennedy S, Reader A, Nusstein J, Beck M, Weaver J. The significance of needle deflection in success of the inferior alveolar nerve block in patients with irreversible pulpitis. J Endod. 2003;29:630–633
  6. Claffey E, Reader A, Nusstein J, Beck M, Weaver J. Anesthetic efficacy of articaine for inferior alveolar nerve blocks in patients with irreversible pulpitis. J Endod. 2004;30:568–571
  7. Bigby J, Reader A, Nusstein J, Beck M. Anesthetic efficacy of lidocaine/meperidine for inferior alveolar nerve blocks in patients with irreversible pulpitis. J Endod. 2007;33:7–10
  8. Matthews R, Drum M, Reader A, Nusstein J, Beck M. Articaine for supplemental buccal mandibular infiltration anesthesia in patients with irreversible pulpitis when the inferior alveolar nerve block fails. J Endod. 2009;35:343–346
  9. Zeh DW, Katz RL. A new nerve stimulator for monitoring neuromuscular blockade and performing nerve blocks. Anesth Analg. 1978;57:13–17
  10. Gouverneur JM. Sciatic nerve block in the popliteal fossa with atraumatic needles and nerve stimulation. Acta Anaesthesiol Belg. 1985;36:391–399
  11. Franco CD, Vieira ZE. 1,001 subclavian perivascular brachial plexus blocks: success with a nerve stimulator. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2000;25:41–46
  12. Sauter AR, Dodgson MS, Stubhaug A, Halstensen AM, Klaastad O. Electrical nerve stimulation or ultrasound guidance for lateral sagittal infraclavicular blocks: a randomized, controlled, observer-blinded, comparative study. Anesth Analg. 2008;106:1910–1915
  13. van Geffen GJ, van den Broek E, Braak GJ, Giele JL, Gielen MJ, Scheffer GJ. A prospective randomised controlled trial of ultrasound guided versus nerve stimulation guided distal sciatic nerve block at the popliteal fossa. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2009;37:32–37
  14. Ford DJ, Pither C, Raj PP. Comparison of insulated and uninsulated needles for locating peripheral nerves with a peripheral nerve stimulator. Anesth Analg. 1984;63:925–928
  15. Jorgensen NB, Hayden J. Premedication, local and general anesthesia in dentistry. 2nd ed.. Philadelphia, PA: Lea & Febiger; 1967;
  16. Urmey WF. Using the nerve stimulator for peripheral or plexus nerve blocks. Minerva Anestesiol. 2006;72:467–471
  17. Tsai TP, Vuckovic I, Dilberovic F, et al. Intensity of the stimulating current may not be a reliable indicator of intraneural needle placement. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2008;33:207–210
  18. Robards C, Hadzic A, Somasundaram L, et al. Intraneural injection with low-current stimulation during popliteal sciatic nerve block. Anesth Analg. 2009;109:673–677
  19. Greenblatt GM, Denson JS. Needle nerve stimulator-locator. Anesth Analg. 1962;41:599–601
  20. Chapman GM. Regional nerve block with the aid of a nerve stimulator. Anesth. 1972;27:778–782
  21. Sarnoff SJ. Functional localization of interspinal catheters. Anesthesiol. 1950;11:360–365
  22. Kaiser H, Niesel HC, Klimpel L. Influence of minimum current for peripheral nerve stimulation on the latency and success rate of sciatic blockade. Reg Anaesth. 1988;11:92–97
  23. Hannan L, Reader A, Nist R, Beck M, Meyers WJ. The use of ultrasound for guiding needle placement for inferior alveolar nerve blocks. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1999;87:658–665
  24. Berns JM, Sadove MS. Mandibular block injection: a method of study using an injected radiopaque material. J Am Dent Assoc. 1962;65:735–745
  25. Galbreath JC. Tracing the course of the mandibular block injection. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1970;30:571–582
  26. Malamed SF. Handbook of local anesthesia. 5th ed.. St Louis, MO: C.V. Mosby Co; 2004;231
  27. Bremer G. Measurements of special significance in connection with anesthesia of the inferior alveolar nerve. Oral Surg. 1952;5:966–988
  28. Menke RA, Gowgiel JM. Short-needle block anesthesia at the mandibular foramen. J Am Dent Assoc. 1979;99:27–30
  29. Haase A, Reader A, Nusstein J, Beck M, Drum M. Comparing anesthetic efficacy of articaine versus lidocaine as a supplemental buccal infiltration of the mandibular first molar after an inferior alveolar nerve block. J Am Dent Assoc. 2008;139:1228–1235
  30. Vreeland D, Reader A, Beck M, Meyers W, Weaver J. An evaluation of volumes and concentrations of lidocaine in human inferior alveolar nerve block. J Endod. 1989;15:6–12
  31. Hinkley SA, Reader A, Beck M, Meyers WJ. An evaluation of 4% prilocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine and 2% mepivacaine with 1:20,000 levonordefrin compared with 2% lidocaine with:100,000 epinephrine for inferior alveolar nerve block. Anesth Prog. 1991;38:84–89
  32. McLean C, Reader A, Beck M, Meryers WJ. An evaluation of 4% prilocaine and 3% mepivacaine compared with 2% lidocaine (1:100,000 epinephrine) for inferior alveolar nerve block. J Endod. 1993;3:146–150
  33. Chaney MA, Kerby R, Reader A, Beck FM, Meyers WJ, Weaver J. An evaluation of lidocaine hydrocarbonate compared with lidocaine hydrochloride for inferior alveolar nerve block. Anesth Prog. 1991;38:212–216
  34. Nusstein JM, Beck M. Effectiveness of 20% benzocaine as a topical anesthetic for intraoral injections. Anesth Prog. 2003;50:159–163
  35. Nusstein J, Steinkruger G, Reader A, Beck M, Weaver J. The effects of a 2-stage injection technique on inferior alveolar nerve block injection pain. Anesth Prog. 2006;53:126–130

PII: S0099-2399(09)01023-1

doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2009.11.023

Journal of Endodontics
Volume 36, Issue 3 , Pages 429-433 , March 2010

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