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To better assess the efficiency of the mechanical preparation of root canals, 1085
transparent specimens of extracted mandibular incisors were examined for canal configuration,
thickness and curvature of the root canals, condition of any accessory canals, and
location of the apical foramen. Greater than 85% of the root canals possessed a single
canal (Type I). Of specimens in which furcation was observed, only 3% possessed two
separate canals (Type III and IV). Fewer than 30% of the specimens showed accessory
canals that were mechanically impossible to clean. The majority of the lateral branches
were small, greater than 80% of the specimens were smaller than a #15 reamer, and
none of the branches were larger than a #30 reamer. Although apical foramina located
distal to the apex were observed in about 50% of the specimens, 83.6% of all apical
foramina were within 0.5 mm of the apex, and 99.5% were within 1.0 mm. Data on the
thickness of the root and main canal in the apical portion and curvature of the root
canal suggest that for adequate apical preparation, a #40 reamer must be able to reach
the apical constriction.
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© 1997 The American Association of Endodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
