Abstract
Thorough disinfection of the root canal system is essential for the success of root
canal therapy. This requires the use of an intra-canal medicament. Enterococcus faecalis is the most frequently found species in persistent/secondary intracanal infection
associated endodontic treatment failure. This study evaluates the disinfection of
dentinal tubules using 2% chlorhexidine gel, 2% metronidazole gel, bioactive glass
(S53P4) in comparison with calcium hydroxide. The antibacterial efficacy of the four
medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis was assessed in vitro using extracted premolar teeth at the depths of 200 μm and 400 μm. The overall percentage
inhibition of bacterial growth (at 200 μm and 400 μm depth) was 100% with 2% chlorhexidine
gel. The inhibition of growth was moderate with 2% metronidazole gel (86.5%), followed
by bioactive glass (62.8%) and calcium hydroxide (58.5%). It can be concluded from
the present study that 2% chlorhexidine gel alone was most effective against E. faecalis when compared to other medicaments tested.
Key Words
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Journal of EndodonticsAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- The effects of surgical exposure of dental pulps in germfree and conventional laboratory rats.J South Calif Dent Assoc. 1966; 34: 449-451
- Microbiological findings and clinical treatment procedures in endodontic cases selected for microbiological investigation.Int Endod J. 1997; 30: 90-95
- The susceptibility of starved stationary phase, and growing cells of Enterococcus faecalis to endodontic medicaments.J Endod. 2005; 31: 380-385
- Enterococcus faecalis: its role in root canal treatment failure and current concepts in retreatment.J Endod. 2005; 32: 93-98
- Root canal dentinal tubule disinfection.J Endod. 1990; 16: 207-210
- The role of intracanal medication in root canal treatment.Int Endod J. 1992; 25: 97-106
- The antimicrobial effect of calcium hydroxide as a short-term intracranial dressing.Int Endod J. 1991; 24: 119-125
- Mechanisms of antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide: critical review.Int Endod J. 1999; 2: 361-369
- The role of environmental changes on monospecies biofilm formation on root canal wall by Enterococcus faecalis.J Endod. 2005; 31: 867-872
- In vitro infection and disinfection of dentinal tubules.J Dent Res. 1987; 66: 1375-1379
- Efficacy of chlorhexidine- and calcium hydroxide- containing medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis in vitro study.Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Radiol Endod. 2003; 96: 618-624
- Preliminary evaluation of bioactive glass S53P4 as an endodontic medication in vitro.J Endod. 2004; 30: 220-224
- Calcium hydroxide pastes: classification and clinical indications.Int Endod J. 1999; 32: 257-282
- Substantive antimicrobial activity in chlorhexidine-treated human root dentine.Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Radiol Endod. 2002; 94: 240-245
- The antimicrobial effect of calcium hydroxide in root canals pretreated with 5% iodine potassium iodide.Endod Dent Traumatol. 1999; 15: 205-209
- Inactivation of local root canal medicaments by dentin: an in vitro study.Int Endod J. 2000; 33: 126-132
- Dentinal tubule disinfection using three calcium hydroxide formulations.J Endod. 2005; 31: 50-52
- Mechanisms involved in the resistance of Enterococcus faecalis to calcium hydroxide.Int Endod J. 2002; 35: 221-228
- Enterococcus faecalis adhesin, ace, mediates attachment to particulate dentin.J Endod. 2006; 32: 634-637
- Antibacterial activity of particulate bioglass against supra- and subgingival bacteria.Biomaterials. 2001; 22: 1683-1687
- Antibacterial effects of a bioactive glass plate on oral microorganisms.Acta Odontol Scand. 1998; 56: 161-165
- Chemotherapy of protozoal infections.in: Goodman and Gillman’s the pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 11th ed. McGill-Hill Companies, Inc, New York2006: 1021-1070
- Molecular- and culture-based comparison of the effects of antimicrobial agents on bacterial survival in infected dentinal tubules.J Endod. 2007; 33: 690-692
- Effectiveness of 2% chlorhexidine gel and calcium hydroxide against Enterococcus faecalis in bovine root dentine in vitro.Int Endod J. 2003; 36: 267-275
- Intracanal medicaments: evaluation of the antibacterial effects of chlorhexidine, metronidazole and calcium hydroxide associated with three vehicles.J Endod. 1997; 23: 167-169
- Physical and chemical properties of chlorhexidine and calcium hydroxide- containing medications.J Endod. 2004; 30: 413-417
- Inactivation of the antibacterial activity of iodine potassium iodide and chlorhexidine digluconate against Enterococcus faecalis by dentin, dentin matrix, type-I collagen and heat killed microbial whole cells.J Endod. 2002; 9: 634-637
- Killing of Enterococcus faecalis by MTAD and chlorhexidine digluconate with or without cetrimide in the presence or absence of dentine powder or BSA.J Endod. 2006; 32: 138-141
- Effects of dentin on the antimicrobial properties of endodontic medicaments.J Endod. 2007; 33: 917-925
Article info
Identification
Copyright
© 2007 American Association of Endodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
