Abstract
Introduction
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP 2)
are growth factors (GFs) identified within the dentine-pulp complex and involved into
the cellular events connected to the pulp-healing response. It is well established
that the expression of these GFs is increased in different tissues in diabetes mellitus.
Because there are no data concerning the levels of VEGF and BMP 2 in human dental
pulp, the aim of present study was to quantify VEGF and BMP 2 levels in intact dental
pulp and dental pulp that underwent reactive dentinogenesis in healthy and diabetic
human subjects.
Methods
The study was conducted on 28 healthy and 28 subjects with controlled diabetes type
II who underwent pulp extirpation as a part of prosthetic rehabilitation. Pulp were
collected from intact teeth and teeth treated by indirect pulp capping. The levels
of VEGF and BMP 2 were determined in the pulp tissue lysates with enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assay.
Results
The levels of VEGF and BMP 2 were significantly higher in intact teeth pulp of diabetic
than in healthy subjects. The concentrations of these GFs were significantly lowered
in teeth with indirect pulp capping both in healthy and diabetic persons. Furthermore,
VEGF and BMP 2 levels were in strong positive correlation.
Conclusions
Similar changes in the levels of VEGF and BMP 2 in intact and treated teeth of healthy
and diabetic patients could be suggestive of associated roles of these GFs in responses
of healthy and diabetic dental pulp.
Key Words
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Journal of EndodonticsAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- Vascular endothelial growth factor and its relationship with the dental pulp.J Endod. 2007; 33: 524-530
- Preserving vital pulp in operative dentistry: I. A biological approach.Dent Update. 2002; 29: 64-69
- Angiogenic growth factors in human dentine matrix.Arch Oral Biol. 2000; 45: 1013-1016
- Expression of genes for bone morphogenetic proteins and receptors in human dental pulp.Arch Oral Biol. 1996; 41: 919-923
- Acceleration effect of human recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-2 on differentiation of human pulp cells into odontoblasts.J Endod. 2004; 30: 205-208
- Dentin regeneration by dental pulp stem cell therapy with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2.J Dent Res. 2004; 83: 590-595
- Smad 1/5 is involved in bone morphogenetic protein-2-induced odontoblastic differentiation in human dental pulp cells.J Endod. 2012; 38: 66-71
- Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in healthy and inflamed human dental pulps.J Endod. 2002; 28: 20-23
- Co-expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor in inflamed human pulp: an immunohistochemical study.J Endod. 2007; 33: 18-20
- Induction of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in human pulp fibroblasts stimulated with black-pigmented Bacteroides.Int Endod J. 2004; 37: 588-592
- Induction of vascular endothelial growth factor gene expression by proinflammatory cytokines in human pulp and gingival fibroblasts.J Endod. 2004; 30: 704-707
- Hypoxia Enhances the Angiogenic Potential of Human Dental Pulp Cells.J Endod. 2010; 36: 1633-1637
- SHED Differentiate into Functional Odontoblasts and Endothelium.J Dent Res. 2010; 89: 791-796
- Angiogenic activity of dentin matrix components.J Endod. 2011; 37: 26-30
- Bmp2 Is required for odontoblast differentiation and pulp vasculogenesis.J Dent Res. 2012; 91: 58-64
- Vascular endothelial growth factor and diabetic complications.Prog Retin Eye Res. 2008; 27: 608-621
- Vascular endothelial growth factor and diabetes—the agonist versus antagonist paradox.Diabetes. 1999; 48: 1899-1906
- Bone morphogenetic protein-2 may represent the molecular link between oxidative stress and vascular stiffness in chronic kidney disease.Atherosclerosis. 2010; 211: 418-423
- Transcriptional regulation of vascular bone morphogenetic protein by endothelin receptors in early autoimmune diabetes mellitus.Life Sci. 2006; 78: 2213-2218
- Diabetes induces metabolic alterations in dental pulp.J Endod. 2008; 34: 1211-1214
- Diabetes and its effect on dental pulp.J Oral Sci. 2006; 48: 195-199
- Diabetes mellitus and the dental pulp.J Endod. 2003; 29: 383-389
- BMP2 signaling in bone development and repair.Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2009; 20: 475-480
- The involvement of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in diabetic kidney disease.Curr Pharm Des. 2004; 10: 3385-3394
- Role of human pulp fibroblasts in angiogenesis.J Dent Res. 2006; 85: 819-823
- Quantification of angiogenic growth factors released by human dental cells after injury.Arch Oral Biol. 2008; 53: 9-13
- Dynamics of the pulpo-dentin complex.Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 1996; 7: 104-133
- The dental pulp in diabetes mellitus.Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand. 1967; 70: 319-320
- Periapical and endodontic status of type 2 diabetic patients in Catalonia, Spain: a cross-sectional study.J Endod. 2011; 37: 598-601
- Impact of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and coronary artery disease on tooth extraction after nonsurgical endodontic treatment.J Endod. 2011; 37: 1-5
- Designing new treatment strategies in vital pulp therapy.J Dent. 2000; 28: 77-92
- Dentin regeneration in vitro. The pivotal role of supportive cells.Adv Dent Res. 2011; 23: 320-324
- The rate of tertiary (reparative) dentin formation in human tooth.Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1966; 21: 180-189
- Pulp healing and regeneration. More questions than answers.Adv Dent Res. 2011; 23: 270-274
Article info
Publication history
Published online: April 26, 2012
Footnotes
Supported by grant no. 175021 from the Ministry of Education and Science, Republic of Serbia.
Identification
Copyright
© 2012 American Association of Endodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
