Abstract
Introduction
The calcium-releasing ability of pulp-capping materials induces pulp tissue regeneration.
Tricalcium silicate–based materials produce calcium hydroxide as a by-product of hydration.
Assessment of hydration and calcium ion leaching is usually performed on samples that
have been aged in physiological solution for a predetermined period of time. The hydration
and activity of the materials in vivo may not be similar to those displayed in vitro because of insufficient fluid available in contact with dentin. The aim of this research
was the assessment of hydration of Biodentine, Theracal LC, and a prototype radiopacified
tricalcium silicate–based material after pulp capping and to compare it with direct
hydration in an aqueous solution.
Methods
The extent of hydration of Biodentine, Theracal LC, and a prototype radiopacified
tricalcium silicate–based material with a similar composition to Biodentine but not
incorporating the additives was assessed by scanning electron microscopy and energy
dispersive spectroscopy of polished specimens after being allowed to hydrate in Hank's
balanced salt solution for 14 days. The extent of hydration was compared with material
hydration when used as direct pulp capping materials by using a tooth culture model.
Material activity was also assessed by x-ray diffraction analysis to investigate the
deposition of calcium hydroxide by the materials, and calcium ion leaching in Hank's
balanced salt solution was assessed by ion chromatography.
Results
Biodentine and the prototype tricalcium silicate cement hydrated and reaction by-products
were deposited in the cement matrix both after pulp capping and when incubated in
an aqueous solution. Calcium hydroxide was formed, and calcium ions were leached in
solution. Theracal LC hydration was incomplete because of the limited moisture diffusion
within the material. Thus, no calcium hydroxide was produced, and a lower calcium
ion leaching was recorded.
Conclusions
Theracal LC had a heterogeneous structure with large unhydrated particles because
not enough moisture was present to allow hydration to proceed. Biodentine composition
was shown to be optimized, and the environmental conditions did not affect material
microstructure. Biodentine exhibited formation of calcium hydroxide and calcium ion
leaching, which are beneficial to the dental pulp.
Key Words
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: August 22, 2014
Identification
Copyright
© 2014 American Association of Endodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
