Highlights
- •Curcumin ≥10 μmol/L was cytotoxic for fibroblasts, macrophages, and osteoblasts.
- •Piperine caused only slight cytotoxicity at 30 μmol/L to the tested cells.
- •Curcumin ≤5 μmol/L inhibited significantly the RAW-osteoclast formation in vitro.
- •Piperine itself did not present any significant effect on the osteoclastogenesis.
- •Curcumin combined with piperine suppressed completely the osteoclast formation.
Abstract
Introduction
The dietary pigment curcumin is a natural polyphenol extracted from the Curcuma longa rhizomes native to South Asia. The antioxidative, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory
activities besides its unknown side effects suggest that curcumin could be a promising
antiresorptive agent to prevent replacement resorption in replanted teeth after traumatic
avulsion. Piperine, an alkaloid present in black pepper, seems to enhance the bioavailability
and activity of curcumin. Therefore, this study evaluated the biocompatibility of
curcumin and piperine in cultures of periodontal ligament cells as well as their effects
in an in vitro osteoclastogenesis model of RAW 264.7 macrophages.
Methods
The cytotoxicity in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts, human osteogenic sarcoma
cells (SAOS-2), and murine osteoclastic precursors (RAW 264.7) was analyzed by using
cell number determination and proliferation assays. The ability of curcumin and its
conjugate to suppress the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand–induced
osteoclastogenesis was assessed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining
and activity as well as real-time polymerase chain reaction.
Results
Curcumin at concentrations ≥ 10 μmol/L was cytotoxic in all cell types tested, whereas
piperine showed only slight cytotoxicity at 30 μmol/L in RAW and SAOS cultures. Although
curcumin caused already significant effects, the combination with piperine completely
suppressed the osteoclastogenesis by decreasing the TRAP activity and inhibiting the
expression of the specific osteoclast markers TRAP, cathepsin K, and calcitonin receptor.
Conclusions
We demonstrated that curcumin combined with piperine suppressed the osteoclastogenesis
in vitro without causing cytotoxic effects in periodontal ligament cells. These findings suggest
its potential therapeutic application for the prevention and treatment of replacement
resorption in replanted avulsed teeth.
Key Words
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: August 20, 2015
Identification
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© 2015 American Association of Endodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
