Abstract
Introduction
This study aimed to present a novel dynamic navigation method to attain minimally
invasive access cavity preparations and to evaluate its 3-dimensional (3D) accuracy
in locating highly difficult simulated calcified canals among maxillary and mandibular
teeth.
Methods
Three identical sets of maxillary and mandibular 3D-printed jaw models composed of
84 teeth in their anatomic locations with simulated calcified canals (N = 138 canals) were set up on dental manikins. The Navident dynamic navigation system
(ClaroNav, Toronto, Ontario, Canada) was used to plan and execute access preparations
randomly with high-speed drills by a board-certified Endodontist. Two-dimensional
(2D) and 3D horizontal, vertical, and angulation discrepancies between the planned
and placed access preparations were digitally measured using superimposed cone-beam
computed tomographic scans. Analysis of covariance models were used to evaluate the
associations and the interaction between tooth type and jaw, the canal orifice depth,
and the discrepancies between planned and prepared access cavities. The significance
level was set at .05.
Results
The mean 2D horizontal deviation from the canal orifice was 0.9 mm, and it was significantly
higher on maxillary compared with mandibular teeth (P < .05). The mean 3D deviation from the canal orifice was 1.3 mm, and it was marginally
higher on maxillary teeth in comparison with mandibular teeth (P ≥ .05). The mean 3D angular deviation was 1.7 degrees, and it was significantly higher
in molars compared with premolars (P < .05). The 3D and 2D discrepancies were independent of the canal orifice depths
(P > .05). The average drilling time was 57.8 seconds with significant dependence on
the canal orifice depth, tooth type, and jaw (P < .05).
Conclusions
This study shows the potential of applying dynamic 3D navigation technology with high-speed
drills to preserve tooth structure and accurately locate root canals in teeth with
pulp canal obliteration.
Key Words
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: April 24, 2020
Identification
Copyright
Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Association of Endodontists.
