Abstract
Introduction
The transplantation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) has emerged as a novel strategy
for the regeneration of lost dental pulp after pulpitis and trauma. Dental pulp regeneration
of the young permanent tooth with a wide tooth apical foramen has achieved significant
progress in the clinical trials. However, because of the narrow apical foramen, dental
pulp regeneration in adult teeth using stem cells remains difficult in the clinic.
Finding out how to promote vascular reconstitution is essential for the survival of
stem cells and the regeneration of dental pulp after transplantation into the adult
tooth.
Methods
Adipose tissue–derived microvascular fragments (ad-MVFs) were isolated from human
adipose tissues. The apoptosis and senescence of DPSCs cultured in conditioned media
were evaluated to explore the effects of ad-MVFs on DPSCs. DPSCs combined with ad-MVFs
were inserted into the human tooth root segments and implanted subcutaneously into
immunodeficient mice. Regenerated pulplike tissues were analyzed by hematoxylin and
eosin and immunohistochemistry. The vessels in regenerated tissues were analyzed by
Micro-CT and immunofluorescence.
Results
The isolated ad-MVFs contained endothelial cells and pericytes. ad-MVFs effectively
prevented the apoptosis and senescence of the transplanted DPSCs both in vivo and in vitro. Combined with DPSCs, ad-MVFs obviously facilitated the formation of vascular networks
in the transplants. DPSCs combined with ad-MVFs formed dental pulp–like tissues with
abundant cells and matrix after 4 weeks of implantation. The supplementation of ad-MVFs
led to more odontoblastlike cells and increased the formation of mineralized substance
around the root canal.
Conclusions
Cotransplantation with ad-MVFs promotes the angiogenesis and revascularization of
transplanted DPSC aggregates, leading to robust regeneration of dental pulp.
Key Words
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: April 19, 2021
Identification
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© 2021 American Association of Endodontists.
