Abstract
Introduction
Endogenous cannabinoids (endocannabinoids [eCBs]) have been shown to have a multitude
of functions including neurotransmission and immune modulatory effects. This study
aimed to evaluate if stem cells of the apical papilla (SCAP) express the receptors
and enzymes of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and whether eCBs regulate their proliferation
and mineralization potential.
Methods
Gene expression of the main components of the ECS and transient receptor potential
vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) was evaluated in SCAP cultures. SCAP were treated with 2 concentrations
of eCBs and/or capsazepine, a TRPV1 antagonist. SCAP viability was evaluated after
1, 4, and 7 days. Osteogenic differentiation was assessed after 14 days, and the gene
expression of mineralization markers was assessed after 7 days.
Results
The enzymes of ECS and TRPV1 but not the cannabinoid receptors (cannabinoid receptors
1 and 2) were expressed in SCAP. Anandamide, 2-arachidonoylglycerol, and N-arachidonoylphenolamine
(AM-404) reduced SCAP viability in all experimental periods at the highest concentration
compared with the group with no treatment. Anandamide and AM-404 did not inhibit SCAP
differentiation potential, but 2-arachidonoylglycerol at the highest concentration
did. SCAP treated with AM-404 presented a down-regulation in gene expression of alkaline
phosphatase (ALP), dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP-1), and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) compared with the proliferation medium group but not with control group.
Conclusions
SCAP expressed the genes of the main components of ECS and TRPV1, and eCBs can affect
SCAP viability, mineralization, and gene expression.
Key Words
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: July 19, 2021
Identification
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© 2021 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Association of Endodontists.
