Abstract
Introduction
S100 proteins convey important roles in innate immune responses to infection and regenerative
processes. However, their role in inflammatory or regenerative processes of the human
dental pulp is poorly elucidated. The aim of the present study was to detect, localize,
and compare the occurrence of 8 S100 proteins in normal, symptomatic, and asymptomatic
irreversibly inflamed dental pulp specimens.
Methods
Human dental pulp specimens from 45 individuals were clinically assigned to 3 groups
of pulpal diagnosis: normal pulp (NP, n = 17), asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis (AIP, n = 13), and symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (SIP, n = 15). The specimens were prepared and immunohistochemically stained for proteins
S100A1, -A2, -A3, -A4, -A6, -A7, -A8, and -A9. Staining was classified using semiquantitative
analysis and a 4-degree staining score (ie, no, decent, medium, and intense staining)
at 4 different anatomic or functional regions (ie, the odontoblast layer [OL], pulpal
stroma [PS], border area of calcifications [BAC], and vessel walls). The distribution
of staining degrees between the 3 diagnostic groups was calculated using the Fisher
exact text (P ≤ .05) at the 4 regions.
Results
Significant differences in staining were observed mainly in the OL and PS and at the
BAC. The most significant differences were detected in the PS and when comparing NP
with 1 of the 2 irreversibly inflamed pulpal tissues (AIP or SIP). The inflamed tissues
were then invariably stained more intensely than their normal counterparts at this
location (S100A1, -A2, -A3, -A4, -A8, and -A9). In the OL, NP tissue was significantly
stronger stained for S100A1, -A6, -A8, and -A9 compared with SIP and for S100A9 when
compared with AIP. Differences between AIP and SIP in direct comparison were rare
and were found only for 1 protein (S100A2) at the BAC. Also, at the vessel walls,
only 1 statistical difference in staining was observed (SIP was stronger stained than
NP for protein S100A3).
Conclusions
The occurrence of proteins S100A1, -A2, -A3, -A4, -A6, -A8, and -A9 is significantly
altered in irreversibly inflamed compared with normal dental pulp tissue at different
anatomic localizations. Some members of S100 proteins obviously participate in focal
calcification processes and pulp stone formation of the dental pulp.
Key Words
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: March 03, 2023
Publication stage
In Press Corrected ProofIdentification
Copyright
© 2023 American Association of Endodontists.
