ABSTRACT
Introduction
Chitosan is a cationic biopolymer and its modification as a nanoparticle, as well
as loading a corticosteroid on it, may enhance its bone regenerative effect. The aim
of this study was to investigate the bone regenerative effect of nanochitosan with
or without dexamethasone.
Methods
Under general anesthesia, four cavities were created in the calvarium of 18 rabbits
and filled with either nanochitosan, nanochitosan with a temporally-controlled release
of dexamethasone (nanochitosan+dexamethasone), an autograft, or left unfilled (control).
The defects were then covered with a collagen membrane. The rabbits were randomly
divided into 2 groups and were sacrificed at 6 or 12 weeks post-surgery. The new bone
type, osteogenesis pattern, foreign body reaction, as well as the type and severity
of the inflammatory response were evaluated histologically. The amount of new bone
was determined using histomorphometry and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). A
one-way ANOVA with repeated-measures was performed to compare results between the
groups at each interval. A T-test and Chi-square were also conducted to analyze changes
in variables between the two intervals.
Results
Nanochitosan and the combination of nanochitosan and dexamethasone significantly increased
the combination of woven and lamellar bone (P=0.007). No sample showed a foreign body reaction or any acute or severe inflammation.
Chronic inflammation was significantly decreased in number (P=0.002) and severity (P=0.003) over time. There was no significant difference between the extent and pattern
of osteogenesis amongst the four groups, as evaluated by histomorphometry and CBCT
at each interval.
Conclusion
Nanochitosan and nanochitosan+dexamethasone were comparable to the gold standard of
autograft regarding the type and severity of inflammation, as well as the level and
pattern of osteogenesis, yet they induced more woven and lamellar bone.
KEY WORDS
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Article info
Publication history
Accepted:
March 2,
2023
Received in revised form:
January 18,
2023
Received:
November 12,
2022
Publication stage
In Press Accepted ManuscriptIdentification
Copyright
© 2023 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Association of Endodontists.
