Abstract
Introduction
Chitosan is a cationic biopolymer, and its modification as a nanoparticle as well
as loading a corticosteroid on it may enhance its bone regenerative effect. The aim
of this study was to investigate the bone regenerative effect of nanochitosan with
or without dexamethasone.
Methods
Under general anesthesia, 4 cavities were created in the calvarium of 18 rabbits and
filled with nanochitosan, nanochitosan with a temporally controlled release of dexamethasone
(nanochitosan + dexamethasone), an autograft, or left unfilled (control). The defects
were then covered with a collagen membrane. The rabbits were randomly divided into
2 groups and were sacrificed at 6 or 12 weeks after surgery. The new bone type, osteogenesis
pattern, foreign body reaction, and the type and severity of the inflammatory response
were evaluated histologically. The amount of new bone was determined using histomorphometry
and cone-beam computed tomographic imaging. One-way analysis of variance with repeated
measures was performed to compare results between the groups at each interval. A t test and chi-square test were also conducted to analyze changes in variables between
the 2 intervals.
Results
Nanochitosan and the combination of nanochitosan and dexamethasone significantly increased
the combination of woven and lamellar bone (P = .007). No sample showed a foreign body reaction or any acute or severe inflammation.
Chronic inflammation was significantly decreased in number (P = .002) and severity (P = .003) over time. There was no significant difference between the extent and pattern
of osteogenesis among the 4 groups, as evaluated by histomorphometry and cone-beam
computed tomographic imaging at each interval.
Conclusion
Nanochitosan and nanochitosan + dexamethasone were comparable with the gold standard
of autograft regarding the type and severity of inflammation as well as the level
and pattern of osteogenesis; yet, they induced more woven and lamellar bone.
Key Words
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: March 08, 2023
Publication stage
In Press Corrected ProofIdentification
Copyright
© 2023 American Association of Endodontists.
